Institutional transformation of the university to a model of entrepreneurship and innovation: contributions and requirements of the ecosystem approach[Transformation institutionnelle de l'université à un modèle d'entrepreneuriat et d'innovation : contributions et exigences de l'approche écosystémique]

University entrepreneurship is seen by policymakers in many countries as an essential mechanism for stimulating innovation and economic growth. The article tries with a clear and intelligible critical theoretical approach to contribute to the development of a more integrated understanding of the process of institutional transformation of universities to an entrepreneurial model, in order to ensure a risk-free opening to the economic and social mutations of the environment and industry requirements. The university emerges as a key knowledge intermediary of the entrepreneurial university ecosystem while managing its own internal scientific and technological research ecosystem. It also responds to pressure from public policies through the change of its status and injunctions to introduce entrepreneurship and innovation. It is, on the other hand, required to get involved in territorial dynamics to promote the professional integration of its laureates. But with what effect(s)?