Handbook on Enterprise Management Principles

This chapter traces the evolution of management theories since the 19th century, comparing two major approaches: Taylorism, focused on work rationalization and productivity (division of labor, performance-based pay) but neglecting the human aspect, and Fayolism, which broadens the perspective by identifying six key business functions (technical, commercial, financial, etc.), though without defining their interrelationships. While these models differ, they complement each other and culminate in a systemic approach, integrating all functions and their interactions with the environment. Furthermore, theorists such as Mayo, Maslow, and Herzberg expanded the discourse by emphasizing psychosocial needs and social performance. Aimed at management students, this work explores the stages of management evolution (sociotechnical, economic, HR perspectives), the concepts of leadership and corporate culture, organizational structures, as well as quality management and its pioneers. It concludes by highlighting the need for a holistic vision, combining operational efficiency, human resource management, and systemic thinking for sustainable performance.