The emergence of an epistemic community of volcanologists in Arequipa (Peru) as a resilient mode of organization[L'émergence d'une communauté épistémique de volcanologues à Arequipa (Pérou) comme mode d'organisation résilient]

The emergence of a knowledge-based innovation economy, the ecological transition as a necessary step with the anthropocene as the new geological stage of the planet "Earth" and the Covid-19 pandemic highlight at the beginning of the 21st century a new capacity for our organizations, our economies and our societies: resilience. Resilience implies a generalized capacity to learn and act without knowing in advance how to cope upon a situation or an event. An organization is subject to an extreme situation when it faces rupture, uncertainty and risk and we adress a response to extreme within the framework of a social theory of learning in the sense of Wenger to consider resilience as a way of approaching an organization's response to an extreme situation. The purpose of this exploratory contribution is to give an account of the history of the activity of volcanologists to deal with volcanic eruption as an extreme situation. They have developed a new paradigm of volcanic risk management called vulnerability. But at the same time, it appears that it is possible to report of all their spontaneous activities in Arequipa, such as the construction and development of an epistemic community which is likely to develop certain learning capacities. We discuss the possibility of reporting these activities within the theoretical framework of epistemic communities and in what way we are able to speak of resilient organization.