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The Birth of a Democracy: Homegrown Bicameralism in Somaliland

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Paul Azam

    (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

Abstract

Somaliland has recently developed an unexpected democracy after seceding from chaos-ridden Somalia, while turning its port of Berbera into a success story, competing successfully with the long established ones in the Horn of Africa. A simple game-theoretic model is used to explain why the home-grown bicameral democratic system that emerged in Somaliland is a key factor in controlling violence and providing the required security along the transport infrastructure linking Berbera to neighboring landlocked Ethiopia. The model shows that redistributing some of the fiscal resources levied on this trade is necessary for sustaining this efficient political equilibrium.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Paul Azam, 2014. "The Birth of a Democracy: Homegrown Bicameralism in Somaliland," Post-Print hal-04433940, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04433940
    DOI: 10.1515/peps-2013-0047
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    Cited by:

    1. Bruno Biais & Florian Heider & Marie Hoerova, 2021. "Variation Margins, Fire Sales, and Information-constrained Optimality [Leverage, Moral Hazard, and Liquidity]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 88(6), pages 2654-2686.
    2. Azam, Jean-Paul, 2026. "Peacebuilding Strategy: Lessons from Some Misconceived Interventions," TSE Working Papers 26-1698, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    3. Kopeček Vincenc & Hoch Tomáš & Baar Vladimír, 2016. "De Facto States and Democracy: The Case of Abkhazia," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 32(32), pages 85-104, June.
    4. Azam, Jean-Paul & Ferret, Jérôme, 2022. "Radicalization of Islam or Peddling Radicalism? Lessons from the French Experience," TSE Working Papers 22-1296, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised Nov 2023.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • N77 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - Africa; Oceania
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies

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