Internal quality assurance in Moroccan universities: literature review and proposal of a QMS[Assurance qualité interne dans les universités marocaines : revue de littérature et proposition d'un SMQ]

This article sheds light on the development of the culture of Quality Assurance (QA) in the Moroccan higher education system and its implementation by universities. It first highlights the multifaceted definition of quality assurance and describes its recent development in the American, Canadian, and European higher education systems. It concludes that the criteria defining the concept of QA were established by the North for the North and forced the South to align with them to maintain their cooperative relationships. The article then discusses the Moroccan legal framework established for the higher education system and the significant role reserved for its regular evaluation. It highlights the 4 levels of evaluation of the performance of this system and concludes that its feasibility necessarily involves universities deploying their own Quality Management System (QMS) and standardizing their academic practices by establishing their quality standards, with permanent and reproducible procedures. Drawing on relevant literature on the subject and using a descriptive and comparative approach, we propose a QMS model that, in our view, would best suit the case of Moroccan universities, with the ambition of being able to apply it to a concrete case and make it a future publication.