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Italie : sortir du double piège de l'endettement élevé et de la faible croissance

Author

Listed:
  • Céline Antonin

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Mattia Guerini

    (SSSUP - Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa], OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Mauro Napoletano

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Francesco Vona

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Avec une dette publique s'élevant à 132,1 % du PIB et une croissance négative de la productivité au cours des vingt dernières années, l'Italie semble prise au piège d'un endettement élevé et d'une faible croissance. Nous nous concentrons sur les facteurs à l'origine de ces deux fléaux en Italie, et examinons de quelle façon ils sont intimement liés : une croissance atone limite les marges de manœuvre budgétaires et sème le doute sur la viabilité de la dette publique ; la réduction de l'espace budgétaire et les règles budgétaires strictes pèsent à leur tour sur la croissance et les investissements publics. Dans la première partie, nous discutons des racines de l'explosion de la dette publique italienne, des tentatives de consolidation budgétaire du pays dans les années 1990 et au début des années 2000, et enfin des effets de la grande récession et de l'austérité budgétaire. Dans la deuxième partie, nous identifions les faiblesses structurelles de l'économie italienne. Nous soulignons notamment le biais de spécialisation vers les secteurs à faible technologie, le « nanisme » des entreprises italiennes, la mauvaise allocation des talents et des ressources, la fracture Nord-Sud et ses conséquences sur le marché du travail. Nous concluons par quelques recommandations politiques pour une relance de la croissance en Italie. Notre première proposition plaide pour des politiques industrielles favorisant l'accumulation des connaissances et l'apprentissage. La deuxième proposition prévoit une nouvelle règle d'or budgétaire européenne qui exclurait certains investissements publics spécifiques du calcul du solde primaire structurel. Notre troisième proposition porte sur la réglementation du marché du travail et préconise l'introduction d'un salaire minimum d'une part, et la facilitation des politiques de reconversion professionnelle d'autre part. Notre quatrième proposition souligne la nécessité de parachever l'Union bancaire et de résoudre le problème des prêts non performants afin d'améliorer la solidité du secteur bancaire italien. Enfin, nous concluons que le sort de l'Italie est inextricablement lié à celui de l'Europe et que l'Italie a besoin de davantage d'Europe pour échapper à son endettement élevé et à son faible taux de croissance.

Suggested Citation

  • Céline Antonin & Mattia Guerini & Mauro Napoletano & Francesco Vona, 2019. "Italie : sortir du double piège de l'endettement élevé et de la faible croissance," Post-Print hal-03403371, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03403371
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03403371
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    1. Larry Hughes & Moniek Jong & Zach Thorne, 2021. "(De)coupling and (De)carbonizing in the economies and energy systems of the G20," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 5614-5639, April.
    2. Nicola Cassandro & Marco Centra & Dario Guarascio & Piero Esposito, 2021. "What drives employment–unemployment transitions? Evidence from Italian task-based data," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(3), pages 1109-1147, October.
    3. Daniele, SCHILIRO', 2019. "Public debt and growth in Italy:Analysis and policy proposals," MPRA Paper 97950, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Nov 2019.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dette publique; Croissance; Politique budgétaire; Investissement public; Politique industrielle;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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