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Forecasting gold price with the XGBoost algorithm and SHAP interaction values

Author

Listed:
  • Sami Ben Jabeur

    (ESDES - ESDES, Lyon Business School - UCLy - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598) - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University))

  • Salma Mefteh-Wali

    (ESSCA - Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers)

  • Jean-Laurent Viviani

    (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UR - Université de Rennes)

Abstract

Financial institutions, investors, mining companies and related firms need an effective accurate forecasting model to examine gold price fluctuations in order to make correct decisions. This paper proposes an innovative approach to accurately forecast gold price movements and to interpret predictions. First, it compares six machine learning models. These models include two very recent methods: the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and CatBoost. The empirical findings indicate the superiority of XGBoost over other advanced machine learning models. Second, it proposes Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) in order to help policy makers to interpret the predictions of complex machine learning models and to examine the importance of various features that affect gold prices. Our results illustrate that the utilization of XGBoost along with SHAP approach could provide a significant boost in increasing the gold price forecasting performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Sami Ben Jabeur & Salma Mefteh-Wali & Jean-Laurent Viviani, 2021. "Forecasting gold price with the XGBoost algorithm and SHAP interaction values," Post-Print hal-03331805, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03331805
    DOI: 10.1007/s10479-021-04187-w
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    Cited by:

    1. Guangchao Li & Wei Chen & Xuepeng Zhang & Zhen Yang & Pengshuai Bi & Zhe Wang, 2022. "Ecosystem Service Values in the Dongting Lake Eco-Economic Zone and the Synergistic Impact of Its Driving Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Díaz, Juan D. & Hansen, Erwin & Cabrera, Gabriel, 2023. "Gold risk premium estimation with machine learning methods," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    3. S. E. Hill, 2022. "In-game win probability models for Canadian football," Journal of Business Analytics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(2), pages 164-178, July.
    4. Schaumann, Sarah K. & Bergmann, Felix M. & Wagner, Stephan M. & Winkenbach, Matthias, 2023. "Route efficiency implications of time windows and vehicle capacities in first- and last-mile logistics," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(1), pages 88-111.
    5. Arnab Mitra & Arnav Jain & Avinash Kishore & Pravin Kumar, 2022. "A Comparative Study of Demand Forecasting Models for a Multi-Channel Retail Company: A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Approach," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 3(4), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Damian Ślusarczyk & Robert Ślepaczuk, 2023. "Optimal Markowitz Portfolio Using Returns Forecasted with Time Series and Machine Learning Models," Working Papers 2023-17, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
    7. Jeronymo Marcondes Pinto & Jennifer L. Castle, 2022. "Machine Learning Dynamic Switching Approach to Forecasting in the Presence of Structural Breaks," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), vol. 18(2), pages 129-157, July.
    8. Kocaarslan, Baris & Soytas, Ugur, 2023. "The role of major markets in predicting the U.S. municipal green bond market performance: New evidence from machine learning models," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    9. Yuan Wang & Liping Yang & Jun Wu & Zisheng Song & Li Shi, 2022. "Mining Campus Big Data: Prediction of Career Choice Using Interpretable Machine Learning Method," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Mahsa Tavakoli & Rohitash Chandra & Fengrui Tian & Cristi'an Bravo, 2023. "Multi-Modal Deep Learning for Credit Rating Prediction Using Text and Numerical Data Streams," Papers 2304.10740, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2023.
    11. Wei Li & Wolfgang Karl Hardle & Stefan Lessmann, 2022. "A Data-driven Case-based Reasoning in Bankruptcy Prediction," Papers 2211.00921, arXiv.org.
    12. Goodell, John W. & Ben Jabeur, Sami & Saâdaoui, Foued & Nasir, Muhammad Ali, 2023. "Explainable artificial intelligence modeling to forecast bitcoin prices," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    13. Kriebel, Johannes & Stitz, Lennart, 2022. "Credit default prediction from user-generated text in peer-to-peer lending using deep learning," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 302(1), pages 309-323.
    14. Dylan Norbert Gono & Herlina Napitupulu & Firdaniza, 2023. "Silver Price Forecasting Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Method," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-15, September.
    15. Davood Pirayesh Neghab & Mucahit Cevik & M. I. M. Wahab, 2023. "Explaining Exchange Rate Forecasts with Macroeconomic Fundamentals Using Interpretive Machine Learning," Papers 2303.16149, arXiv.org.
    16. Kais Tissaoui & Taha Zaghdoudi & Abdelaziz Hakimi & Mariem Nsaibi, 2023. "Do Gas Price and Uncertainty Indices Forecast Crude Oil Prices? Fresh Evidence Through XGBoost Modeling," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(2), pages 663-687, August.
    17. Aras, Serkan & Hanifi Van, M., 2022. "An interpretable forecasting framework for energy consumption and CO2 emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    18. Pedro Henrique Melo Albuquerque & Yaohao Peng & João Pedro Fontoura da Silva, 2022. "Making the whole greater than the sum of its parts: A literature review of ensemble methods for financial time series forecasting," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(8), pages 1701-1724, December.
    19. Minjun Kim & Dongbeom Kim & Geunhan Kim, 2022. "Examining the Relationship between Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Models: A Case Study of Seoul, South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-16, November.
    20. Yan Guo & Dezhao Tang & Wei Tang & Senqi Yang & Qichao Tang & Yang Feng & Fang Zhang, 2022. "Agricultural Price Prediction Based on Combined Forecasting Model under Spatial-Temporal Influencing Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, August.
    21. Mitrentsis, Georgios & Lens, Hendrik, 2022. "An interpretable probabilistic model for short-term solar power forecasting using natural gradient boosting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).

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