Supporting municipalities for crisis management of river and coastal floods: methodology for an objective evaluation of the Municipal Protection Plans and organization of crisis management exercises[La formation à la gestion de crise : un élément fondamental de préparation pour les communes]

This work proposes an optimization of crisis management training for municipalities. Simulation seems to be the ideal type of training because it allows a group to be formed and provides learners with a crisis management experience that can be experienced as a rite of passage. In order to be able to guarantee the implementation of an optimal training intended for the communes, it is important to activate the play springs of the simulations to reinforce their pedagogical impact. The construction of a method for the elaboration of scenarios guaranteeing the credibility, pedagogical scope and interactivity of crisis simulations is structured around (1) the definition of animation parameters, (2) the characterization of data and animation tools, (3) the modelling of information circulation within the animation, (4) the structuring of a shared animation support. Finally, the limitations of current training in evaluation and debriefing have led to the development of a methodology for evaluating the skills of a crisis unit and helping with debriefing based on the creation of an educational reference framework. A dynamic system allows learners to be evaluated in real time, based on the monitoring of the achievement of pedagogical objectives during the exercise, reinforcing the interactivity of the scenario to adjust it in real time to the learners' performance.