Hunger in the world, trade and agricultural policies. WTO rules on agriculture are necessary, but trade is not all[La faim dans le monde, le commerce et les politiques agricoles. 1) Des règles à l’OMC sur l’agriculture sont nécessaires, mais le commerce n’est pas tout]

This article offers a critical analysis of multilateral rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) applied to agriculture. The first section presents the main development trends of international trade in agricultural products, distinguishing between the respective positions of developed countries, Developing countries (DCs) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The second section discusses the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agricultural (URAA) of 1994 and presents the main steps that have marked the negotiations under the Doha multilateral round. By focusing on the case of developing countries, the third section offers a reflection on the domestic support rules. The fourth section addresses the issue of export competition and food aid. The fifth section focuses on border protection and market access conditions. This reflection emphasizes especially the need to give the poorest developing countries which are importers of agricultural products, particularly those in Africa, the opportunity to develop their agriculture. They are not able to be competitive face to the developed countries which benefit many advantages: good climate, new agricultural technologies and high productivity of production factors. This priority to developing agriculture, which had also been preferred in Europe at the time of the creation of the CAP, is based on the idea that trade cannot alone satisfy all local food requirements.