Evaluating the risk associated with emerging plant pathogens transmitted by insects: the case of Xylella fastidiosa[Evaluer le risque associé à des agents phytopathogènes émergents transmis par des insectes : le cas de Xylella fastidiosa]

Assessing the risk associated to a pest is a key aspect of management. Using Xylella fastidiosa as an example, we show that risk evaluation requires a good knowledge of the pest biology and its potential vectors, reliable and efficient detection techniques as well as a good experience of modeling tools. Knowledge of the economic and environmental context is also an important aspect of the problem. When a new pest occurs, authorities rarely have this information. Yet, speed is a determining factor in effective management of phytosanitary crises. The assessment and anticipation of pest risks are therefore key elements of the management strategy for pests and diseases of crops and forests.