What if organizations and institutions were not the only models?

The theory of organizations gives pride of place to New Public Management, which is based on an implicit distinction between organizations and institutions.What are the characteristics of these two groupings? What are their relative places in the economic and societal sphere? Is this place immutable?The analysis of a literature review will make it possible to explain the distinction that exists between institution and organization, two groups structuring society but with an orthogonal positioning:-the institution, defined as a stable value,-the organization, defined as adaptable and intended for the deployment of efficiency.Is there not, beyond this orthogonality, a space for an intermediate structure? Are there not structures which are already in the invention of this intermediary and which redesigns their own economic sphere and of influence?The study of two French museums with international influence and that have managerial objectives as part of the New Public Management leads to a need for increased financial autonomy. The two museums studied are institutions that have a stable situation, that is to say having put in place proposals respecting traditional museum missions as well as managerial commitments, thus skillfully combining institutional and organizational criteria.Our work thus shows that institutions and organizations are not strictly orthogonal in that they have partially opened to each other under the constraint of political interests.Our contribution consists in the study of two unique and original solutions. As for practices, these cannot be generalized but also make it possible to envisage solutions to improve the performance of the entities.