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D’un indice de détection d’anomalies à l’usage des investisseurs, An index of detection of anomalies for investors

Author

Listed:
  • Philippe Bernard

    (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres)

  • Najat El Mekkaoui de Freitas

    (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres)

  • Bertrand Maillet

    (EM - EMLyon Business School, CEMOI - Centre d'Économie et de Management de l'Océan Indien - UR - Université de La Réunion)

  • Alejandro Modesto

Abstract

La détection de fraudes est un enjeu essentiel pour les investisseurs et les autorités financières. Le système de Ponzi mis en place par Bernard Madoff est une illustration emblématique d'une fraude de grande envergure, toujours possible lorsqu'elle est bien orchestrée. Les méthodes traditionnelles pour détecter les fraudes exigent de longues et coûteuses enquêtes, nécessitant des connaissances financières et juridiques pointues, et des professionnels hautement qualifiés. Nous poursuivons et étendons ici l'intuition de Billio et al. [2015], qui suggèrent l'utilisation d'une mesure de performance – dénommée GUN – pour construire un indice de détection de fraude. Afin d'illustrer la méthodologie et d'en montrer son utilité, nous analysons d'abord le cas Madoff, puis, sur plusieurs marchés d'OPCVM internationaux d'actions commercialisables en France, le nombre de fonds potentiellement susceptibles de fraude (ou de sous-performance avérée). Le système d'alerte proposé permet de détecter des anomalies sur plusieurs dizaines de fonds, qui devraient ainsi faire l'objet d'une attention particulière. Fraud detection is a key issue for investors and financial authorities. The Ponzi scheme organized by Bernard Madoff is a magnified illustration of a fraud, always possible when well-orchestrated. Traditional methods to detect fraud require costly and lengthy investigations that involve complex financial and legal knowledge and high skilled analysts. We pursue and generalize here the intuition of Billio et al. [2015], who suggest the use of a performance measure—called GUN—to construct a fraud detection index. To illustrate the methodology and to demonstrate its usefulness, first, we analyze the case of Madoff. Then, in a universe of equity mutual funds marketable in France from several international markets, we secondly highlight the number of funds with an apparent anomalous behavior. The proposed alert system reveals dozens of funds that would be interesting to investigate.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Bernard & Najat El Mekkaoui de Freitas & Bertrand Maillet & Alejandro Modesto, 2016. "D’un indice de détection d’anomalies à l’usage des investisseurs, An index of detection of anomalies for investors," Post-Print hal-01697639, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01697639
    DOI: 10.3917/reco.675.1037
    as

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