Emergency Ambulance Deployment in Val-de-Marne Department A Simulation-based Iterative Approach

The French Emergency Medical services, known as SAMU, are public safety systems responsible for the coordination of pre-hospital care under emergency conditions throughout a given geographic region. The goal of such systems is to respond timely and adequately to population calls by providing first aid services and transferring patients, when needed, to the appropriate care facility. In this paper, we propose a multi-period version of the Maximum Expected Covering Location Problem applied to the case of the SAMU 94 responsible for the Val-de-Marne department (France). The assumption that the busy fractions are identical for all demand points is relaxed by adopting an iterative method to compute a priori estimates of these parameters in the model using an ARENA discrete-event simulation model of the SAMU 94. The solutions obtained from the mathematical model are then assessed by simulation regarding the time required to respond to an emergency call by getting to the patient location, known as response time, which is a critical aspect for the SAMU providers. Experimental results showed that the proposed method increased average percentage of most serious calls responded to within the target time of 15 minutes up to 15% compared to the current system performance.