Le tourisme international dans le monde : logiques des flux et confins de la touristicité

The history of international tourism of the last fifty years can be divided into three stages: 1 / decades from 1950 to 1980, characterized by a progressive democratization of tourism supported by an unparalleled economic growth, 2 / the last decade of the twentieth century, euphoria of a tourist who sees the borders open. The end of a bipolar world announcement many hopes naive. The scope of territories open to tourism continues to widen. 3 / The end of the century announces the age of maturity of tourism. After the euphoria, illusions and disillusions of a space tourist world without borders, facts, often dramatic raised awareness tourists to the complexity of a world where wars have never ceased. The global space tourism is articulated around three regional basins: more than 75% of international tourist flows, driven by the rich European cities, North American and Asian, are confined to their regional area of origin. The distribution of tourist flows draws an organization into three distinct basins: in order of importance, 1 / Euro-Mediterranean basin, focusing on the Mediterranean Sea, 2 / Basin East Asia-Pacific, around the shores of the Sea of China, 3 / basin North America-Caribbean, organized around the "American Mediterranean." Space discontinuities increase between peripheries unstable, extensions selective and margins forgotten or excluded. The climate of insecurity that affect certain touristic territories aimed at weakening the outskirts most sensitive and oblige the international space tourist to retract.