Co-creating an ecosystem at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Shaping a social business model?[Co-créer un écosystème à la Base de la Pyramide: créer un business model social ?]

The objective of this research is to highlight the actions and processes that Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) could use to improve the sustainability and empowerment of their development programs. To achieve this, a research case study was carried out on Entrepreneurs du Monde NGO and its development programme that had been converted into a social enterprise model. The NGO programme Cook for a Stove, which changed to the social enterprise Nafa Naana in Burkina Faso, was scrutinised. The multiple processes that took place to lead to this transformation were analysed through the component of the Business Model Canvas of Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010). Impacts on local communities were also highlighted. Our findings indicate that the sustainability and empowerment of development programmes in the Least Developed Countries are encouraged by making organisations independent from their lifetime incubator, the NGO. The new organisation needs to have its own management, strategy, and business model. The social enterprise model is suitable due to its ability to produce both economic and social values, which are crucial for BoP communities' development. Analysing models of an NGO programme and a social enterprise via the Business Model Canvas of Osterwaler and Pigneur (2010), originally designed for capitalist organisations, broadens the scope of this model to the third sector organisations.