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Evaluation de l'efficacité d'une tarification optionnelle de l'eau d'irrigation en Charente

Author

Listed:
  • Sébastien Loubier

    (Mizzou - University of Missouri [Columbia] - University of Missouri System)

  • G. Gleyses

    (Mizzou - University of Missouri [Columbia] - University of Missouri System)

  • Patrice Garin

    (Mizzou - University of Missouri [Columbia] - University of Missouri System)

  • M. Montginoul

    (Mizzou - University of Missouri [Columbia] - University of Missouri System)

  • N. Aubry

    (Mizzou - University of Missouri [Columbia] - University of Missouri System)

  • F. Christin

    (Mizzou - University of Missouri [Columbia] - University of Missouri System)

Abstract

En période d'étiage, certains bassins versants connaissent un déséquilibre entre la ressource en eau disponible et les usages. En France, le développement de l'irrigation depuis les années 1970 a constitué un facteur important de ce déséquilibre. Les besoins peuvent dépasser l'offre en eau du milieu naturel. Favorisée par la loi sur l'eau de 1992 qui oblige le comptage de l'eau agricole et recommande la concertation, une gestion volumétrique s'est progressivement développée. Ce mode de gestion consiste à répartir équitablement une offre en eau en définissant, selon son état, des règles d'accès entre les différents usages. La gestion volumétrique existe déjà sur des systèmes où l'offre en eau est prévisible avec une bonne probabilité (nappe ou barrage). Le bassin de la Charente amont a la particularité de présenter un déséquilibre important auquel s'ajoute une offre en eau très sensible aux aléas climatiques comme les orages. La gestion volumétrique y est cependant pratiquée depuis la construction du barrage de Mas-Chaban, qui permet de soutenir l'étiage. Cet article présente les instruments de gestion volumétrique mis en ½uvre sur ce bassin, discute leur efficacité et propose un nouveau système de gestion basé sur une tarification optionnelle de l'eau et sur un système nouveau de comptage et de déclaration des consommations. Nous montrons alors que ce système peut permettre non seulement d'économiser la ressource mais également de réduire les iniquités au sein même de la profession agricole / In period of low water level, some river basins face an imbalance between the available water resource and the uses. In France, the development of the irrigation since the years 1970 is an important cause of this imbalance. The water needs can exceed the natural water supply. Favoured by the 1992 French water act, rending the metering progressively obligatory and that recommend dialogue among water actors, a volumetric management (VM) mechanism has progressively been implemented. A VM consists in finding a equitable distribution of the water in defining, according to its state, some access rules among users. VM already exists in systems where the water supply is foreseeable with a good probability (tablecloth or dam). The Upstream Charente river basin in France face an important imbalance added to high sensitivity of the resource to the climatic conditions. However, a VM is implemented in this basin since the creation of Mas-Chaban dam in year 2000, which allow to resupply the river. This article presents the VM instruments implemented in this basin, discusses their effectiveness and propose an alternative management system based on an optional water pricing and on a new water consumption declaration system improving control and allowing potential sanctions. It is then shown that this system can save water an in the same time reduce inequities among farmers

Suggested Citation

  • Sébastien Loubier & G. Gleyses & Patrice Garin & M. Montginoul & N. Aubry & F. Christin, 2007. "Evaluation de l'efficacité d'une tarification optionnelle de l'eau d'irrigation en Charente," Post-Print hal-00468538, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00468538
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-00468538
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