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Le modèle québécois des services de garde après 25 ans : défectueux et inachevé, comment le réparer et le bonifier

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre Lefebvre

    (Department of Economics, University of Quebec in Montreal)

Abstract

(in French) La province de Québec a introduit une transformation majeure de la politique des services de garde de 1997 à 1999. L?aide aux familles avec enfants s?est réorientée pour développer un système de garde universel visant tous les enfants de 0 à 4 ans. Elle fut financée par une réduction d?un panier d?aides monétaires aux parents, contrebalancée par un tarif très modeste pour l?époque de 5 $ par place et par jour, offrant 261 jours de garde à temps plein par les établissements reconnus et subventionnés. Au cours des 25 ans, plusieurs changements ont été apportés à la politique (opérations, subventions, tarifs). Cependant, malgré la diffusion de plusieurs analyses scientifiques critiques évaluant la pertinence, l?efficacité, l?équité et ses impacts sur la société, peu de résultats ont percolés dans les médias publics et les décideurs afin de corriger lacunes ou défauts. Ce texte propose dans la section 1 les questions de fond qui devraient être abordées. La section 2 identifie les faits connus et inconnus sur les services offerts, leurs coûts par âge et mode sur la base des données les plus récentes. La question importante de la qualité des services est balisée à la section 3. Les défis que posent la garde parentale et non parentale ainsi que les arbitrages soulevés par les comportements de travail des mères sont mis de l?avant dans les sections 4 et 5. La section des réparations et bonifications de la politique sont décrites à la section 6. Une courte conclusion fait l?histoire du déroulement des services de garde et les caractéristiques actuelles de son état. Abstract (in English, working paper is in French) The Canadian province of Québec implemented over years 1997 to 1999 a new universal childcare plan intended for all children ages 0 to 4 years. A reduction of a large basket of monetary aids to families with children financed the model. The counterbalance was, for its time, a very modest fee of 5$ per space and day, by accredited and subsidised daycare institutions offering full-time care for 261 days. Over the last twenty-five years, many conditions of the plan were changed (operating rules, funding, subsidies, and fees). However, although some critical analyses disseminated in scientific publications over the efficiency, equity, and social impacts of the policy, few eventually percolated in the public media and policy makers to correct defects and rectify any fault noted. Section 1 enounces the substantive matters discussed in the text. Section 2 identifies the unknown facts (coverage, public cost) of the childcare services. The important question of the childcare quality levels is addressed in section 3. The challenges of parental and non-parental childcare as well as the technical issues raised by mothers? work force behaviours are set forth in sections 4 and 5. Section 6 describes the reparations and enhancements of the childcare policy. A short conclusion recalls the story of the childcare policy movement, and the characteristics of its state.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Lefebvre, 2026. "Le modèle québécois des services de garde après 25 ans : défectueux et inachevé, comment le réparer et le bonifier," Working Papers 26-01, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
  • Handle: RePEc:grc:wpaper:26-01
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    File URL: https://grch.esg.uqam.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/82/Lefebvre_GRCH_WP26-01.pdf
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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