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Why Include Warrants in New Equity Issues? A Theory of Unit IPOs

Author

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  • Chemmanur, T.J.
  • Fulghieri, P.

Abstract

We develop a theory of unit IPOs in which the firm going public issues a package of equity with warrants. We model an equity market where insiders have private information about the riskiness as well as the expected value of their firm's future cash flows. We demonstrate that, in equilibrium, high risk firms issue underpriced “units†of equity and warrants; lower risk firms, on the other hand, issue underpriced equity alone. In contrast to the existing literature, underpricing arises as a signal in our model in the context of a one-shot equity offering. Though developed in the context of IPOs, our model can also explain the issuance of seasoned equity offerings packaged with warrants. Further, the intuition behind the model generalizes readily to provide a new rationale for packaging call-option-like claims with risky securities other than equity, including convertible debt and debt with warrants.
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Suggested Citation

  • Chemmanur, T.J. & Fulghieri, P., 1994. "Why Include Warrants in New Equity Issues? A Theory of Unit IPOs," Papers 95-05, Columbia - Graduate School of Business.
  • Handle: RePEc:fth:colubu:95-05
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    Cited by:

    1. García, Diego, 2014. "Optimal contracts with privately informed agents and active principals," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 695-709.
    2. Fulghieri, Paolo & Hackbarth, Dirk & Garcia, Diego, 2015. "Asymmetric information, security design, and the pecking (dis)order," CEPR Discussion Papers 10660, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Chatterjee, Sris & Chidambaran, N.K. & Goswami, Gautam, 2016. "Security design for a non-standard IPO: The case of SPACs," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 151-178.
    4. Shachmurove, Yochanan & Vulanovic, Milos, 2017. "U.S. SPACs with a focus on China," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-18.
    5. Byoun, Soku & Moore, William T., 2003. "Stock vs. stock-warrant units: evidence from seasoned offerings," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(5), pages 575-590, November.
    6. Lakicevic, Milan & Shachmurove, Yochanan & Vulanovic, Milos, 2014. "Institutional changes of Specified Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs)," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 149-169.
    7. Mazouz, Khelifa & Saadouni, Brahim & Yin, Shuxing, 2008. "Warrants in IPOs: Evidence from Hong Kong," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 539-554, November.
    8. Paolo Fulghieri & Diego García & Dirk Hackbarth, 2020. "Asymmetric Information and the Pecking (Dis)Order," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 24(5), pages 961-996.
    9. Shachmurove, Yochanan & Vulanovic, Milos, 2018. "SPAC IPOs," EconStor Preprints 177392, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    10. Peng, Xuan & Wang, Xiongyuan & Chan, Kam C., 2019. "Does customer concentration disclosure affect IPO pricing?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 363-369.
    11. James R. Barth & Min Gu & Jiachen Liu, 2023. "SPACs: An overview and assessment of returns," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 82(2), pages 129-139, March.
    12. Dimic, Nebojsa & Goodell, John W. & Piljak, Vanja & Vulanovic, Milos, 2023. "Acquisition determinants of energy SPACs: Reflecting a closed group?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    13. Mazouz, Khelifa & Saadouni, Brahim & Yin, Shuxing, 2008. "The long-term performance of Hong Kong share-only and unit initial public offerings (IPOs)," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 209-228, July.
    14. Huang, Yong & Yan, Chao & Chan, Kam C., 2021. "Does aggressiveness help? Evidence from IPO corruption and pricing in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    15. Ola Bengtsson & Na Dai, 2014. "Financial Contracts in PIPE Offerings: The Role of Expert Placement Agents," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(4), pages 795-832, December.
    16. Cantale, Salvatore & Russino, Annalisa, 2004. "Putable common stock," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 753-775, November.
    17. Vulanovic, Milos, 2016. "SPACs: Post-merger survival," EconStor Preprints 148304, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    18. repec:dau:papers:123456789/2917 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Gajewski, Jean-Francois & Ginglinger, Edith & Lasfer, Meziane, 2007. "Why do companies include warrants in seasoned equity offerings?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 25-42, March.
    20. Polwat Lerskullawat, 2013. "Warrant Seos in an Emerging Market: Evidence from Thailand," Diversity, Technology, and Innovation for Operational Competitiveness: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Technology Innovation and Industrial Management,, ToKnowPress.
    21. Peng, Xuan & Jia, Yibo & Chan, Kam C. & Wang, Xiongyuan, 2021. "Let us work together: The impact of customer strategic alliances on IPO underpricing and post-IPO performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    22. Mirjana Cizmovic & Milan Lakicevic & Milos Vulanovic, 2013. "Unit Ipo'S: A Case Of Specified Purpose Acquisition Companies (Spacs)," Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research (ELIT), vol. 9(1), pages 45-52.
    23. Trien Le & Amon Chizema, 2011. "State ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the Chinese listed firms," Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, vol. 2(2).
    24. John S. Howe & Brett C. Olsen, 2009. "Security Choice and Corporate Governance," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 15(4), pages 814-843, September.
    25. John S. Howe & Chris Tamm, 2012. "Financial Contracting and Warrant Structure: Unit IPOs vs. Chapter 11 Reorganizations," Accounting and Finance Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 1(2), pages 1-66, November.

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