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Repo and the Liquidity Risk Premium

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Abstract

Securities dealers play a central role intermediating funds in the U.S. short-term money markets. This intermediation involves risk, which can be mitigated by holding buffers of liquid securities. The cost of holding these buffers—the liquidity risk premium—is driven by the opportunity cost of holding money and so is influenced by monetary policy. We use detailed data on the pricing of repurchase agreements (repo), the main contract used to provide secured funding in the money markets, to measure by how much changes in monetary policy affect the liquidity risk premium embedded in repo pricing. The results imply that both changes in administrative rates and in aggregate reserves have effects on this risk premium and that this relationship is nonlinear. Using the average values of rates and reserves in 2024, the estimated coefficients predict that a 100-basis-point increase in the interest rate on reserve balances results in a 0.9 basis point increase in the liquidity risk premium—a 10 percent increase in the spread charged by securities dealers to their clients. The same effect on this risk premium can be achieved by a $429 billion decrease in the aggregate reserves.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam Copeland & Owen Engbretson, 2026. "Repo and the Liquidity Risk Premium," Staff Reports 1189, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:102916
    DOI: 10.59576/sr.1189
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    JEL classification:

    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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