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Early Warning Signals in Private Credit? What BDC Portfolios Reveal about Emerging Risks

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Abstract

Private credit—lending by nonbank financial institutions—has grown to over $1 trillion in the United States, yet most of it remains opaque to investors and policymakers because private credit funds are not required to publish their holdings. Business development companies (BDCs) are an exception and provide a window into this segment of the credit markets. All BDCs are publicly registered investment vehicles that must file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including quarterly and annual filings. We analyze these disclosures to detect trends in the pricing of BDC loans, borrowers’ creditworthiness, and the industry composition of BDC loan portfolios.

Suggested Citation

  • José Fillat & Leslie Sheng Shen & J. Christina Wang, 2026. "Early Warning Signals in Private Credit? What BDC Portfolios Reveal about Emerging Risks," Current Policy Perspectives 26-6, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedbcq:103612
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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