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Régimes de retraite d’employeur et incitations à la retraite anticipée au Canada

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  • Cristiana Pescarus
  • Maud Rivard

Abstract

Given the current trend towards population ageing in Canada, we consider the financial incentives inherent in thirteen registered pension plans (that represent 20% of private and public sector employees covered by a registered pension plan) and their impact on the decision of older workers to retire early from the labour market. Three measures are employed to evaluate these incentives for a representative individual with a constant annual income of $38,000 and with 25 years of tenure at age 50 in the base case scenario. These three measures are the punctual value of benefits, the value associated with an additional year of work and, finally, the maximum present value of the stream of pension benefits. The first measure reflects only the value of a year’s worth of benefits upon retirement and does not account for a worker’s life expectancy or inter-temporal preferences. The other two measures are derived from the presented discounted value of benefits evaluated between the moment when retirement occurs and age 90 (when death occurs with a probability of 1). A discount rate of 4% is employed. Our results indicate that all of the plans considered offer strong financial incentives to early retirement. Indeed, it almost always appears financially advantageous to retire before the age of 60 – often around 55 years of age - according to all incentive measures employed. Alternate scenarios (which introduce changes to the annual income level, the number of years of tenure, and to the moment when benefits are drawn) and sensitivity tests produce essentially the same conclusions. Dans le contexte actuel du vieillissement de la population canadienne, nous nous intéressons aux incitations financières inhérentes à treize régimes de retraite d’employeur (qui représentent 20 % des employés des secteurs public et privé couverts par un régime de retraite d’employeur) et à leur impact potentiel sur la décision de départ à la retraite des travailleurs âgés. Trois mesures sont employées afin d’évaluer ces incitations pour un individu représentatif lequel a un revenu annuel constant de 38 000 $ et 25 ans d’ancienneté à l’âge de 50 ans dans le scénario de base. Ces trois mesures sont la valeur ponctuelle des prestations, la valeur d’une année supplémentaire sur le marché du travail et, finalement, la valeur actualisée maximale. La première mesure ne tient compte que du montant annuel que recevrait le travailleur dès son départ à la retraite peu importe son horizon de vie ou sa préférence pour le temps. Les deux autres mesures sont calculées en utilisant le concept de valeur actualisée sur l’horizon compris entre le moment de la retraite et l’âge de 90 ans (le moment où la probabilité de mourir est égale à 1) avec un taux d’escompte inter-temporel égal à 4 %. Nos résultats indiquent que les régimes étudiés présentent de fortes incitations financières à la retraite anticipée. En effet, il semble presque toujours financièrement avantageux de prendre sa retraite avant l’âge de 60 ans - souvent même autour de 55 ans - et ce quelle que soit la mesure des incitations retenue. Des scénarios alternatifs (faisant varier le salaire, le niveau d’ancienneté, ainsi que l’âge à partir duquel les prestations sont demandées) et des tests de sensibilité produisent essentiellement les mêmes conclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristiana Pescarus & Maud Rivard, "undated". "Régimes de retraite d’employeur et incitations à la retraite anticipée au Canada," Working Papers-Department of Finance Canada 2005-02, Department of Finance Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:fca:wpfnca:2005-02
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