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Género, pobreza de tiempo y capacidades en Guatemala: un análisis multifactorial desde una perspectiva económica

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  • Gammage, Sarah

Abstract

En este artículo se propone una forma de llevar a la práctica las contribuciones analíticas de Amartya Sen sobre las capacidades (capabilities) para examinar el concepto de la pobreza desde una perspectiva económica multifactorial. A manera de ilustración de su vigencia, se aplica esta teoría al caso de Guatemala con base en datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI) y del Módulo del Uso de Tiempo de Guatemala. Con énfasis en los aspectos económicos, la metodología se basa en el análisis factorial y de componentes principales para construir un índice de capacidades, para luego compararlo con otras medidas convencionales de la pobreza, entre ellas las basadas en los ingresos o en el acceso a infraestructura básica. El concepto de capacidades utilizado incluye la educación formal, la habilidad para leer y escribir, la remuneración en el mercado laboral, y una medición de la "pobreza de tiempo". Esta última toma en cuenta la forma en que al restringir ciertas libertades se afecta la disposición de tiempo, y se refleja una dimensión importante que puede mermar las oportunidades y capacidades de un individuo. Entre los hallazgos se destaca que tanto las mujeres como los residentes de sectores rurales tienden a tener en promedio bajos índices de capacidades. Asimismo, en el ejercicio empírico realizado se observa que el índice de capacidades varía en forma consistente con otras medidas de pobreza. Estas observaciones permiten suponer que se capturan aspectos clave de las limitaciones en las libertades individuales impuestas por el tiempo exigido para el trabajo —dentro y fuera de la casa—, las áreas laborales y el ocio limitado. Gender, poverty over time and the capacities of Guatemala: A multifactor analysis from an economic perspectiv Abstract: This article suggests how to put the analytical contributions of Amartya Sen into practice, in terms of evaluating the capabilities for examining the concept of poverty from a multifactor economic perspective. By means of illustrating the validity, this theory was applied to the case of Guatemala, based on data from the National Survey on Living Conditions (ENCOVI) and the Module over Time Usage of Guatemala. With emphasis placed on economic aspects, the methodology is based on a factorial analysis and over the main components for constructing an index over capacities, and a subsequent comparison of conventional measurements of poverty, such as those based on incomes and the access to basic infrastructure. The concept of utilized capacities includes aspects such as; formal education, the ability to read and write, labour market salaries, and an evaluation of, "poverty over time". This last one involves a way of restricting certain liberties and their disposition over time, reflecting over an important dimension that may reduce the opportunities and capacities of an individual. Among the findings, the study found that women as well as inhabitants of rural areas generally tend to have a low index of capacity. By means of the empirical exercise realized in the study, the study observed that the index over capacities varies in consistency in comparison to other measurements over poverty. The observations of the empirical exercise allow for assumptions over key aspects of limitations on individual freedoms imposed by the amount of time spent working- within and outside of the home- areas of labour and limited spare time.

Suggested Citation

  • Gammage, Sarah, 2009. "Género, pobreza de tiempo y capacidades en Guatemala: un análisis multifactorial desde una perspectiva económica," Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México (Estudios e Investigaciones) 25902, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col094:25902
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    1. Benvin, Evelyn & Rivera, Elizabeth & Tromben, Varinia, 2016. "A multidimensional time use and well-being index: a proposal for Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Uruguay," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
    2. Beatriz Alvarado & Rosa del Carmen Vilchez, 2015. "Single, Divorced, or Separated? Factors That Impact the Lives of Women Who Are Heads of Household in Lima, Peru," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, October.

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