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DR-CAFTA: aspectos relevantes seleccionados del Tratado y reformas legales que deben realizar a su entrada en vigor los países de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana

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  • Pacheco, Amparo
  • Valerio, Federico

Abstract

El Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Centroamérica y los Estados Unidos (CAFTA) fue negociado entre enero de 2003 y enero de 2004, al cual se incorporó la República Dominicana en julio de 2004 adoptando en ese momento la sigla DR-CAFTA. Salvo Costa Rica, todos los países firmantes lo han ratificado. Para El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua ya está en vigor. Este documento se divide en tres secciones centradas en el contenido del tratado y las reformas legales exigidas por su entrada en vigor. En la sección Antecedentes se resumen las características del proceso de apertura comercial de Centroamérica desde los años ochenta hasta la firma del DR-CAFTA, con énfasis en las relaciones de la región con Estados Unidos, su principal inversionista y mercado más importante. El trabajo sintetiza los principales resultados de las negociaciones en los 22 capítulos del tratado. Los capítulos se agrupan en cinco temas: asuntos institucionales y de administración del tratado; comercio de bienes; comercio de servicios e inversión; contratación pública de bienes y servicios; y otros temas no comerciales pero relacionados con los bienes que se comercian bajo el DR-CAFTA, en particular propiedad intelectual, normas laborales y normas ambientales. Se hace también un análisis de la aplicación del tratado en comparación con otros acuerdos en vigor, en el contexto de la integración regional. El DR-CAFTA tiene en común con otros acuerdos muchas normas que reafirman las disposiciones de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), e incorpora disposiciones previstas en la integración centroamericana, la mayoría de las cuales se aplican de manera multilateral. Por lo tanto, el DRCAFTA mejora la normativa centroamericana, lo que es benéfico para las relaciones comerciales de la región. En este documento se identifican los cambios legislativos que los países centroamericanos deben realizar para la entrada en vigor del tratado, los cuales se concentran en las áreas de servicios, telecomunicaciones y propiedad intelectual. Se espera que la mayor apertura de la región y la mejora normativa inducida por la suscripción del DR-CAFTA generen mayores oportunidades de inversión, comercio y empleo en los países signatarios. DR-CAFTA: selected relevant aspects of the treaty and legal reforms needed for putting the treaty into effect by the countries of Central America and the Dominican Republic Abstract: The Free Trade Agreement between Central America and the United States (CAFTA) was negotiated between January of 2003 and January of 2004. Upon the incorporation of the Dominican Republic in July of 2004, it took on the new abbreviation DR-CAFTA. Apart from Costa Rica, all of the signatory countries have ratified the treaty. For El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua it has already been put into effect. This report is divided into three parts which examine the treaty's content and the legal reforms associated with putting it into effect.In the section called "Background", the report summarizes the characteristics of the process of commercial openness in Central America from the eighties until the signing of the DR-CAFTA treaty, putting special emphasis on trade relations with the United States, the regions main investor and most important market.The report synthesizes the main results of the negotiations of the 22 chapters of the treaty. The chapters are divided into five main themes: institutional and administrational matters of the treaty; commerce of goods; commerce of services and investment; public contracting of goods and services; as well as non-commercial themes pertaining to goods traded under the circumstances dictated by the DR-CAFTA treaty, particularly in terms of intellectual property, as well as labour- and environmental norms.The report also analyzes the implementation of the treaty, in the context of regional integration, comparing the process to other trade treaties currently put into effect. The DR-CAFTA treaty and other treaties have in common many normative features which restate the dispositions of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Furthermore, the DR-CAFTA treaty incorporates dispositions foreseen in the Central American integration, the majority of which are of a multilateral character. Thereby, DRCAFTA brings about an improvement of Central American norms which is favorable for the commercial relationships within the region.This report identifies the legislative changes that need to be implemented by the countries of Central America in order to put the treaty into effect, which are mainly associated with aspects of services, telecommunications and intellectual property. Increasing the openness of the region together with the new norms introduced by the DR-CAFTA treaty is expected to generate opportunities in terms of investment, trade and employment for the signatory countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Pacheco, Amparo & Valerio, Federico, 2007. "DR-CAFTA: aspectos relevantes seleccionados del Tratado y reformas legales que deben realizar a su entrada en vigor los países de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana," Estudios y Perspectivas – Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México 5001, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col031:5001
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
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    1. -, 2009. "Knowledge generation and protection: intellectual property, innovation and economic development," Copublicaciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 2006 edited by Eclac, September.

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