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Competencia y regulación en la banca: el caso de El Salvador

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  • Herrera López, Mauricio

Abstract

La evaluación de las condiciones de competencia de un sector como el sistema financiero de un país como El Salvador debe partir de la comprensión de la estructura interna del mismo y de la del entorno en que se desenvuelve. El sistema financiero salvadoreño ha sido objeto de fuertes y profundos cambios en las dos variables mencionadas. Luego de pasar por una década de nacionalización, la banca salvadoreña fue trasladada nuevamente a manos privadas y en el proceso sufrió una importante reducción en el número de integrantes debido a una serie de fusiones que hasta cierto punto liberaron al sistema de instituciones con problemas, pero al mismo tiempo incrementaron los niveles de concentración. El presente estudio hace una revisión de la estructura y desempeño del sector -inmerso en una economía dolarizada y con total apertura-, con el fin de detectar, mediante el comportamiento de los indicadores respectivos, el grado de competencia presente. Los resultados incluyen altos niveles de concentración y bajos niveles de participación extranjera, lo que podría ser evidencia de una pobre competencia. En contraste, los indicadores de desempeño muestran una banca salvadoreña con márgenes de intermediación bajos y estables y con indicadores de eficiencia en constante aumento. Ambos datos reflejan un sector sin rentas sobrenormales y eficiente. Éstos y otros elementos de análisis son desarrollados a lo largo del estudio con el propósito de determinar las condiciones de competencia en el sistema financiero. Competition and regulation of the bank: the case of El Salvador Abstract: An evaluation of the level of competition of a sector such as the financial system of a country like El Salvador, must begin by forming an understanding of its internal structure and the environment in which it operates. The El Salvadorian financial system has been subject to profound changes in terms of the mentioned variables. After a decade of nationalization, the Salvadorian bank was transferred to private hands. In the process, the bank saw a substantial reduction of the number of members. A series of fusions freed the system of inefficient institutions up to a certain point, while simultaneously increasing the levels of concentration. This report revises the structure and development of the sector- immersed in an opened and dollarized economy,- with the objective of detecting by means of the behaviour of the respective indicators, the present degree of competition. The result points to high levels of concentration and low levels of foreign participation, which may serve as evidence for a generally low level of competition. In contrast, the development indicators demonstrate low margins of intermediation for the El Salvadorian bank with constantly increasing efficiency indicators. Both sets of data reflect a sector without unusual and efficient income. This and other elements of analysis are developed throughout the study with the objective of determining the conditions of competition in the financial system.

Suggested Citation

  • Herrera López, Mauricio, 2007. "Competencia y regulación en la banca: el caso de El Salvador," Estudios y Perspectivas – Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México 4991, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col031:4991
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
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