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Centroamérica: los retos del acuerdo de asociación con la Unión Europea

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  • Caballeros, Rómulo

Abstract

Los países centroamericanos se han dado a la tarea de concertar varios tratados de libre comercio con varios países, principalmente de América. Sin embargo, debido al diferente ritmo y profundidad con que se adoptaron las reformas económicas y sobre todo, a la dinámica interna del calendario político, esas negociaciones se fueron realizando en forma bilateral, y aunque se realizaron casi con los mismos países, dieron lugar a diferentes formas, procesos, calendarios y componentes de liberación de comercio, dejando a un lado, el compromiso derivado del Tratado General de Integración Económica, el cual dispone que cualquier negociación con terceros países debe hacerse de manera colectiva. Se ha venido planteando la suscripción de un Acuerdo de Asociación entre Centroamérica y la Unión Europea (CA-EU) que incluye la concertación política, las relaciones propiamente comerciales y la cooperación. El autor considera que como actividades urgentes hay que concretar de manera definitiva la forma en que participará Panamá en estas negociaciones. Afirma también que será necesario establecer un mecanismo ad hoc para la participación de la sociedad civil en las negociaciones y se deberá consolidar el mecanismo para asegurar la figura de un negociador único y el procedimiento para conjugar los puntos de vista e intereses nacionales y regionales. Además de las acciones que faciliten el proceso de negociación, es innegable que deberán realizarse actividades en materia de integración que han estado por mucho tiempo postergadas; casi todas ellas tienen que ver con el mandato básico del Tratado de Integración Económica, que establece la constitución de una Unión Aduanera. Ello implica la armonización de leyes, reglamentos y procedimientos aduaneros y de normativa comercial, además de un arancel externo común, así como instrumentos, reglamentos y reconocimientos mutuos sobre las herramientas de comercio y de su administración. Adicionalmente, implica la homogeneización de condiciones y reglas en que operan las empresas, así como las regulaciones medioambientales de la actividad productiva y las relaciones laborales. Central America: the challenges posed by the Association Agreement with the European Union Abstract: The countries of Central America have made efforts to reach various free trade agreements with various countries, mainly on the American continent. However, due to the differing speed and vigour to which these agreements have been adopted, and above all, owing to the differences between regional politics, these negotiations were implemented bilaterally. As a result of these differences, the bilateral negotiations were initiated differently in terms of the negotiation process, as well as the specific components of trade liberation, leaving aside the guidelines drawn up by the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration, specifically concerning the part that any negotiation involving a third country needs to be implemented collectively. This report examines the implications of the recently signed Association Agreement between Central America and the European Union (CA-EU). This agreement provides guidelines for commerce and cooperation. The author places particular focus on the urgency of the participation of Panama in the negotiations over this agreement, and points out the necessity of establishing an ad hoc mechanism for ensuring the participation of civil society in the negotiation process for trade agreements. This mechanism should be consolidated in a unique negotiator and the procedure should ensure a fair representation of national and regional interests in the negotiation process. Among the actions that facilitate the negotiation process, integration is of vital importance. In terms of integration, the negotiation process is forced to abide by certain guidelines drawn up by the basic mandate of the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration. The integration process thereby needs to take into consideration aspects of: a harmonization of laws, regulations and tariff procedures, and trade norms. Other aspects that need to be taken into consideration relate to a homogenization of the rules and conditions under which companies operate; such as environmental- and labor regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Caballeros, Rómulo, 2008. "Centroamérica: los retos del acuerdo de asociación con la Unión Europea," Estudios y Perspectivas – Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México 4881, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col031:4881
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
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    File URL: http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/4881
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