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Steuer- und Abgabenreformen für die neue Legislatur: untere und mittlere Einkommen gezielt entlasten

Author

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  • Stefan Bach
  • Michelle Harnisch

Abstract

Low- and middle-income households barely benefit from cuts in personal income tax rates, or from the reduction in the solidarity surcharge. At the same time, even moderate reductions concentrated on low incomes or in the belly-shaped tax curve (Mittelstandsbauch) lead to considerable tax losses and also relieve high incomes, provided the top tax rates are not increased.If the tax policy aims to effectively relieve the tax burden of low- and middle-income households lower, it must reduce indirect taxes or social contributions. For VAT, the reduced rate on food and public transport could be reduced to 5 per cent. Furthermore, low and middle income households could be relieved from social security contributions, either directly through an allowance or indirectly through a partial income tax credit. Haushalte mit unteren und mittleren Einkommen profitieren kaum von Senkungen des Einkommensteuertarifs oder vom Abbau des Solidaritätszuschlags. Zugleich führen schon moderate Entlastungen im Eingangsbereich des Steuertarifs oder beim „Mittelstandsbauch“ zu beträchtlichen Steuerausfällen und entlasten auch hohe Einkommen, soweit die Spitzensteuersätze nicht angehoben werden. Wenn die Steuerpolitik untere und mittlere Einkommen bei den Steuer- und Abgabenbelastungen wirksam entlasten will, muss sie die indirekten Steuern oder die Sozialbeiträge senken. Bei der Mehrwertsteuer könnte der ermäßigte Steuersatz auf Nahrungsmittel und öffentlichen Nahverkehr auf 5 Prozent reduziert werden. Ferner könnten Haushalte mit unteren und mittleren Einkommen bei den Sozialbeiträgen entlastet werden, entweder direkt durch einen Freibetrag oder indirekt durch einen teilweisen Abzug von der Einkommensteuer.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Bach & Michelle Harnisch, 2017. "Steuer- und Abgabenreformen für die neue Legislatur: untere und mittlere Einkommen gezielt entlasten," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1706, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1706
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    Cited by:

    1. Truger, Achim & Vitt, Helena, 2019. "Konjunkturstützung durch expansive Finanzpolitik sinnvoll und bereits angelegt," ifso expertise 3, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Socioeconomics (ifso).
    2. Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Truger, Achim & Wieland, Volker, 2019. "Den Strukturwandel meistern. Jahresgutachten 2019/20 [Dealing with Structural Change. Annual Report 2019/20]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201920.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Personal income taxation; indirect taxation; social security contributions; tax burden and income distribution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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