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Development, A question of opportunity? A critique of the 2006 World Development Report, "Equity and Development"

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Pierre Cling

    (DIAL)

  • Denis Cogneau

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • Jacques Loup

    (INSEE, DIAL)

  • Jean-David Naudet

    (AFD, Département de la Recherche)

  • Jacques Loup

    (AFD)

  • Mireille Razafindrakoto

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • François Roubaud

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

Abstract

(english) The World Bank’s World Development Report 2006 addresses Equity and Development. It defines equity as respect for equal opportunities combined with the avoidance of absolute deprivation. Even though justice theories have long been interested in equity (given that equality of opportunity is one of the recognised values of Western society), it has hitherto remained a marginal issue in development economics. Our critique presents a detailed analysis of this report in the light of recent economic studies on this subject and endeavours to place it in the context of the evolution of World Bank thinking and policies. The first part illustrates the wealth of this concept, with its downside being that it is hard to accurately define. The second part demonstrates the gap between the prospects opened up by the enlargement of the development goals beyond poverty reduction and the report’s policy recommendations, which are generally an extension of the World Bank’s traditional analyses. The future of the equity concept for development policy-making could be closely dependent on the development community’s ability to take on board both all its complexity and wealth. _________________________________ (français) Le Rapport sur le Développement dans le monde de la Banque mondiale pour 2006 porte sur le thème « Equité et Développement ». L’équité y est définie comme le respect de l’égalité des chances combiné à l’absence de privations absolues. Même si les théories de la justice se sont intéressées depuis longtemps au thème de l’équité (sachant que l’égalité des chances fait partie des valeurs reconnues des sociétés occidentales) celui-ci était resté marginal au sein de l’économie du développement jusqu’à présent. Notre commentaire analyse en profondeur ce Rapport à la lumière des travaux économiques récents sur ce sujet et tente de l’inscrire dans de cadre de l’évolution de la pensée et des politiques de la Banque mondiale. La première partie montre la richesse de ce concept, dont la contrepartie réside dans la difficulté d’en définir précisément les contours. La seconde partie met en évidence le décalage entre les perspectives ouvertes par l’élargissement des objectifs de développement au-delà de la réduction de la pauvreté et les recommandations de politiques proposées par le Rapport, qui s’inscrivent globalement dans le prolongement des analyses traditionnelles de la Banque mondiale. Au total, l’importance que prendra le concept d’équité au sein des politiques de développement dépendra sans doute largement de la capacité des acteurs du développement à prendre en compte à la fois toute la complexité et la richesse de ce concept.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Cling & Denis Cogneau & Jacques Loup & Jean-David Naudet & Jacques Loup & Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2005. "Development, A question of opportunity? A critique of the 2006 World Development Report, "Equity and Development"," Working Papers DT/2005/15, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200515
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