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La crise vue d’en-bas à Abidjan: Ethnicité, gouvernance et démocratie

Author

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  • François Roubaud

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

Abstract

(english) Based on wide-scale surveys conducted in the capitals of seven WAEMU countries, including Abidjan in May and June 2002, this article gives an original perspective of the crisis in Côte d'Ivoire. It examines two general issues, seeking first to identify the respective roles played by economic, ethnic, political and religious factors, which have all been put forward individually to explain the crisis but which have seldom been compared; and second to relate the state of "grassroots" public opinion with the views and practices of the active minorities, by qualifying the type of relationships that exist between them. The first part tests the hypothesis of the "rise in tensions", seeking to identify the main areas in which the population's frustrations are expressed (political, social, economic etc.). The second part puts these results into a regional perspective, to give a better understanding of the specific case of Côte d'Ivoire: in what way is the situation in Abidjan different from those observed in neighbouring West African capitals? The third and final part explores the crisis from the angle of Ivorian identity, with a particular emphasis on the ethnic and religious dimensions. The article highlights political independence in two ways: the independence of the political factors of the crisis compared with the economic and social factors, and the independence of politicians, who do not need mass public support to provoke a crisis and take it to its height. From a methodological standpoint, the article underlines the sound analytical potential of the type of surveys used in this study, which combine research on opinions and traditional socio-economic variables. _________________________________ (français) En se basant sur des enquêtes de grande envergure réalisées dans sept capitales des pays de l’UEMOA, dont Abidjan en mai et juin 2002, cet article propose un éclairage original de la crise ivoirienne. Il tente de répondre à deux questions de portée générale : cerner le rôle respectif des facteurs économiques, ethniques, politiques et religieux, alternativement invoqués mais rarement mis en concurrence dans l’explication de la crise ; mettre en relation l’état de l’opinion « à la base » avec les discours et les pratiques des minorités agissantes, en qualifiant la nature du lien qui les unit. La première partie s’attache à tester l’hypothèse de la « montée des tensions », en cherchant à identifier les principaux champs où s’expriment les frustrations de la population (politique, social, économique, etc.). La deuxième partie replace ces résultats dans une perspective régionale, afin de mieux apprécier la spécificité ivoirienne : en quoi la situation abidjanaise se démarque de celles observées dans les capitales voisines d’Afrique de l’Ouest ? Enfin, les dimensions identitaires de la crise, tout particulièrement ethniques et religieuses, sont explorées dans la troisième partie. L’article met en lumière la double autonomie du politique : autonomie des facteurs politiques par rapport aux facteurs économiques et sociaux de la crise ; autonomie des hommes politiques qui n’ont pas besoin de bénéficier d’un support populaire de masse pour provoquer la crise et la porter à son comble. D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’article souligne le potentiel analytique du type d’enquêtes (couplant questions d’opinion et variables socio-économiques classiques) mobilisé dans cette étude.

Suggested Citation

  • François Roubaud, 2003. "La crise vue d’en-bas à Abidjan: Ethnicité, gouvernance et démocratie," Working Papers DT/2003/11, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200311
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jean-Philippe BERROU & Dominique DARBON & Anne BEKELYNCK & Christian BOUQUET & Matthieu CLEMENT & François COMBARNOUS & Éric ROUGIER, 2018. "Le réveil des classes moyennes ivoiriennes ? Identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Paper 6e6633ec-f96a-4f9f-a240-7, Agence française de développement.
    2. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Dominique Darbon & Christian Bouquet & Anne Bekelynck & Matthieu Clément & François Combarnous & Eric Rougier, 2018. "Le réveil des classes moyennes ivoiriennes ? Identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Post-Print hal-02147840, HAL.

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