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La Banque mondiale et la lutte contre la pauvreté : tout changer pour que tout reste pareil ?

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Pierre Cling

    (DIAL)

  • Mireille Razafindrakoto

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • François Roubaud

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

Abstract

(English) The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund launched a joint initiative in September 1999, setting the fight against poverty at the heart of development policies. Under this initiative, developing countries wishing to apply for financial aid from either of the organizations, or for debt relief under the HIPC (Heavily Indebted Poor Countries) Initiative, are required to draw up poverty reduction programs known as Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP). Most low-income countries are now engaged in designing or implementing such policies. All the other donors have decided to follow suit and to link their aid policies to the PRSP system. Without neglecting the numerous difficulties and contradictions facing these new strategies, our analysis points out three main innovations: first, it is to be welcomed that the Bretton Woods Institutions have adopted poverty reduction and not structural adjustment as their main goal; second, adopting a participatory process for defining and monitoring the PRSPs certainly has great potential for strengthening democracy; last, these new initiatives have increased coherence between donors. _________________________________ (français) La Banque mondiale et le Fonds monétaire international ont lancé fin 1999 une initiative conjointe qui place la lutte contre la pauvreté au coeur des politiques de développement. Depuis cette date, les pays en développement qui souhaitent bénéficier d’une aide financière à taux concessionnels de la part de ces organisations ou d’un allègement de leur dette dans le cadre de l’initiative PPTE (Pays Pauvres Très Endettés) « renforcée » doivent préparer un programme de lutte contre la pauvreté (en français DSRP, ou Document Stratégique de Réduction de la Pauvreté). La quasi-totalité des pays à bas revenus suivent aujourd’hui cette nouvelle approche, tandis que l’ensemble de la communauté internationale s’est rapidement aligné sur ces orientations. Sans négliger les nombreuses difficultés et contradictions auxquelles elles sont confrontées, notre analyse souligne les apports de ces nouvelles stratégies : changement d’objectif des politiques (au moins en principe), dans la mesure où la lutte contre la pauvreté –et non plus l’ajustement structurel – est placée au premier plan ; renforcement potentiel de la démocratie à travers la mise en place de processus participatifs de définition des politiques ; accroissement de la cohérence entre les donateurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Cling & Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2002. "La Banque mondiale et la lutte contre la pauvreté : tout changer pour que tout reste pareil ?," Working Papers DT/2002/09, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200209
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    Cited by:

    1. Nadir Altinok, 2003. "La Banque mondiale et l'éducation en Afrique subsaharienne," Post-Print hal-02052310, HAL.
    2. Stéphanie TREILLET, 2016. "Quel Ciblage De La Croissance Et Des Politiques Sociales Dans Le Cadre De L’Évolution Des Stratégies De Réduction De La Pauvreté ?," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 44, pages 27-41.

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