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Whataboutism

Author

Listed:
  • Eliaz, Kfir
  • Spiegler, Ran

Abstract

We propose a model of whataboutism — a rhetorical strategy that deflects criticism by invoking analogous, yet internally uncriticized, misconduct on the critic's side — and study its implications for social norms governing offensive speech. In an infinite-horizon psychological game with two rival camps, agents weigh the intrinsic benefit of offensive speech against the risk of effective condemnation. External criticism can be rendered ineffective via an equilibrium-based whataboutism rebuttal. We characterize the unique dynamically stable Psychological Subgame Perfect Equilibrium and show that the availability of whataboutism exacerbates offensive speech, such that civility norms can break down entirely, especially in polarized societies.

Suggested Citation

  • Eliaz, Kfir & Spiegler, Ran, 2026. "Whataboutism," CEPR Discussion Papers 21395, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21395
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    File URL: https://cepr.org/publications/DP21395
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

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