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Books Go Public: The Consequences of the Expropriation of Monastic Libraries on Innovation

Author

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  • Buonanno, Paolo
  • Cinnirella, Francesco
  • Harka, Elona
  • Puca, Marcello

Abstract

Access to useful knowledge is crucial for fostering modern economic growth. We show, for the first time, that knowledge accumulated and stored in monasteries was useful for innovation. In 1866, anticlerical legislation in Italy led to the suppression of religious orders, the expropriation of their properties, and the transfer of their manuscripts to local public libraries. From a contemporary survey on public libraries, we construct a unique dataset on municipalities which received monastic volumes. This information is then linked to newly digitized annual data on patents issued in Italy between 1863 and 1883. Difference-in-differences estimates show that municipalities exposed to an influx of monastic manuscripts experienced a significant increase in innovation. The effect is driven by the increase in the number of manuscripts in previously existing libraries. We show that the innovation advantage also persisted in the long run and had no impact on human capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Buonanno, Paolo & Cinnirella, Francesco & Harka, Elona & Puca, Marcello, 2024. "Books Go Public: The Consequences of the Expropriation of Monastic Libraries on Innovation," CEPR Discussion Papers 18926, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:18926
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    Cited by:

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    2. Francesco Cinnirella & Elona Harka, 2025. "From Chalkboards to Steam Engines: Early Adoption of Compulsory Schooling, Innovation, and Industrialization," CESifo Working Paper Series 12043, CESifo.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • N33 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion

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