Comercio exterior mexicano según la intensidad tecnológica en el periodo 1986-2018[Mexican international trade by technological intensity in the period 1986-2018]

In order to evaluate the quality of Mexico's insertion into the globalized world through foreign trade, this document will analyse the degree of technological dependence of the industrial sectors and the transfer of technology via foreign trade from 1986 to 2018, recognizing the structural change generated after the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. For this purpose, the imports variable was used as an indicator of lack of technological capability and the exports variable to indicate the technological capability of the country in a certain industrial sector. It was established as a hypothesis that the country is surplus in low technology and deficit in high technology. However, when analysing the data, it was found that Mexico went from being in deficit in all industrial sectors to being in surplus in the medium technology sector in the period analysed. Therefore, in order to achieve and maintain a surplus in the high technology sector, public policies must be promoted to increase productivity and the size of local industries, facilitating access to new markets that demand this type of goods. Local industry must be involved in the production chain of firms with a focus on the external market, so that the benefits are transmitted to the economy in general.