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Diagnóstico multidimensional sobre las desigualdades en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Jairo Núnez Méndez
  • Juan Manuel Monroy
  • Juan David Ramírez
  • David Nicolás Lasso

Abstract

Según la CEPAL, la desigualdad en Colombia fue la más alta de América Latina incluso por encima de Brasil en 2020. Si bien, de 2010 a 2017, se observa una reducción de estos indicadores, a partir del 2017, se ha presentado un aumento de estos que puede ser atribuida a un menor desempeno del mercado laboral y a la pandemia causada por el COVID-19. De esta forma, este documento busca explorar y analizar las desigualdades en Colombia a partir de cinco aspectos: i) ingresos, ii) mercado laboral, iii) consumo, iv) bienes, activos y servicios del hogar y v) riqueza. Utilizando información de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares, la Encuesta Nacional de Presupuesto de los Hogares y la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida, se busca estimar la desigualdad en estas cinco dimensiones y comparando por género, grupos étnicos, ubicación geográfica, entre otros. Así, las mayores desigualdades se observan al analizar la propiedad de la tierra y a la tenencia de activos financieros. Además, la desigualdad es mayor en hogares cuya jefatura del hogar corresponde a una mujer y si se autorreconocen como indígenas. A nivel laboral, se observa que los quintiles más ricos tienen mayores tasas de ocupación y menores de desempleo en comparación con los quintiles más pobres mientras que, de acuerdo con el acceso a servicios públicos, la salud y la energía eléctrica son casi universales pero los más ricos tienen un mayor acceso a internet, acueducto, servicio continuo de agua potable, calidad de vivienda y servicios de aseo. Finalmente, la desigualdad también tiene un componente geográfico puesto que el ingreso medio de Bogotá es mucho mayor en comparación con otros departamentos como el Chocó, lo cual también se ve representando en mayores niveles de escolaridad, formalidad laboral, acceso a servicios públicos, entre otros.******Abstract: According to ECLAC, inequality in Colombia was the highest in Latin America, even above Brazil in 2020. Although, from 2010 to 2017, there was a reduction in these indicators, as of 2017, there has been an increase of these that can be attributed to a lower labor market performance and the pandemic caused by COVID-19. In this way, this document seeks to explore and analyze inequalities in Colombia based on five aspects: i) income, ii) labor market, iii) consumption, iv) household goods, assets and services, and v) wealth. Using information from different surveys in Colombia, the aim is to estimate inequality in these five dimensions and comparing by gender, ethnic groups, geographic location, among others. Thus, the greatest inequalities are observed when analyzing land ownership and financial assets holding. In addition, inequality is greater in households headed by a woman and if they self-identify as indigenous. At the labor level, it is observed that the richest quintiles have higher employment rates and lower unemployment rates compared to the poorest quintiles while, according to access to public services, health and electricity are almost universal but the richest have greater access to the internet, water service, quality of housing and cleaning services. Finally, inequality also has a geographic component since the average income of Bogotá is higher compared to other departments such as Chocó, which is also reflected in higher levels of schooling, formal employment, access to public services, among others.

Suggested Citation

  • Jairo Núnez Méndez & Juan Manuel Monroy & Juan David Ramírez & David Nicolás Lasso, 2022. "Diagnóstico multidimensional sobre las desigualdades en Colombia," Informes de Investigación 20536, Fedesarrollo.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000124:020536
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/4338
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    Keywords

    Desigualdad; Ingresos; RiquezaConsumo; Mercado Laboral; Género; Bienes Activos y Servicios; Inequality; Income; Wealth; Consumption; Labor Market; Gender; Goods; Assets and Services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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