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Concesiones Viales: construyendo transparencia

Author

Listed:
  • Roberto Steiner
  • Juan Benavides
  • Santiago Jaramillo
  • Armando Montenegro

Abstract

Introducción. Colombia necesita garantizar recursos de capital privado para aumentar la dotación de infraestructura orientada al comercio exterior, la interconectividad regional de las grandes ciudades y el crecimiento económico. Para ello, debe corregir las deficiencias del esquema de concesiones viales, ampliamente identificadas en trabajos previos. En síntesis, estos trabajos evidencian que las concesiones viales no han construido la columna vertebral de una red terrestre moderna y competitiva; muchas concesiones son pequenas, de alcance local y no tienen peso estratégico. Las concesiones se efectúan con disenos preliminares, se otorgan sin precalificación que asegure competencia entre operadores idóneos en la fase licitatoria, y sin predios comprados. No se usa la estructuración por project financing. Las licitaciones se han ganado muchas veces usando comportamientos no competitivos. En general, los concesionarios no son operadores financieros sino firmas constructoras que hacen aportes patrimoniales muy bajos. Las obras no se construyen en un período breve. Los fondos públicos no se usan para multiplicar la inversión privada, desperdiciándose la oportunidad de apalancamiento a la financiación de inversionistas institucionales. Y las concesiones frecuentemente reciben adiciones de obra por renegociación o solicitud pública y se prorrogan sin concurso. En consecuencia, no ha sido posible atraer inversionistas ni reaseguradoras internacionales de primer nivel al sector de concesiones viales. Con el objetivo de contribuir a subsanar algunas de estas deficiencias, este estudio se concentra y efectúa recomendaciones en los siguientes aspectos: (i) estructuración de proyectos (nivel de estudios y disenos, asignación de riesgos, reducción del riesgo de compra de predios, garantías, seguros y lógica de la aportes públicos); (ii) selección de proponentes (requisitos habilitantes, uso de project financing, requisitos de aportes patrimoniales); (iii) métodos de adjudicación (variables económicas como criterio de adjudicación, puntajes, presunción de temeridad, precaución con el número de proponentes); y (iv) recomendaciones de cambio al proceso de licitación.Muchos problemas importantes quedan por fuera del alcance del estudio. El Apéndice 1 Bases mínimas para concesionar infraestructura en Colombia" pone en una sola lista los resultados obtenidos y sugerencias de trabajo adicional en aspectos complementarios."

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Steiner & Juan Benavides & Santiago Jaramillo & Armando Montenegro, 2012. "Concesiones Viales: construyendo transparencia," Informes de Investigación 10259, Fedesarrollo.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000124:010259
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sebastian Edwards, 1990. "The Sequencing of Economic Reform: Analytical Issues and Lessons from Latin American Experiences," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, March.
    2. repec:ecr:col038:5583 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrey Samoilov & Robert Osei-Kyei & Meruyert Kussaiyn & Almas Mamyrbayev & Yerzhan Mukashev, 2024. "Cross-Country Comparison of Risk Factors in Public–Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development: Evidence from Colombia, Kazakhstan, and Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-26, July.

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    • L71 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels

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