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Efectos del control cambiario en la actividad turística. Caso Venezuela

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  • Mercedes Anato Martínez y María Alejandra González Agra

Abstract

RESUMEN El 2 de diciembre de 2002, las reservas internacionales de Venezuela ascendían a US$12.447 millones y el 31 de diciembre del mismo año cayeron a US$11.873 millones. En consecuencia, el Gobierno estableció un régimen de control cambiario y creó la Comisión de Administración de Divisas. En este artículo se estudian los efectos de esta medida en el sector turístico, particularmente aquellos concernientes al gasto turístico y a los consumos de los venezolanos que viajan al exterior. Para ello, se empleó una metodología de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo, basada en el análisis de documentos y estadísticas oficiales y la realización de entrevistas a diferentes actores. En conclusión, el turismo, como actividad productiva, se ha visto afectado, pues la medida no favorece la venta de paquetes para viajar al exterior, especialmente cuando el consumo se realiza con tarjeta de crédito. Se han detectado prácticas ilícitas relacionadas con las solicitudes de dinero en efectivo para viajes y el uso de tarjetas de crédito en el exterior, que incentivan el funcionamiento de un mercado paralelo. El gasto turístico presenta una variación porcentual negativa en el primer trimestre de 2003, con respecto al primer trimestre de 2002, debido a la entrada en vigencia del control. ABSTRACT On December 2, 2002, Venezuela’s international reserves of stood at US$12,447 million, and by December 31 of the same year they had fallen to US$11,873 million. The Government therefore set up an exchange control system and created the Foreign Exchange Management Commission. This article studies the effects of this measure on the tourist sector, with special reference to tourist spending, and the consumption of Venezuelans who travel abroad. For this purpose, a quantitative and qualitative methodology was used, based on the analysis of official documents and statistics, and interviews with the different players. In conclusion, tourism, as a productive activity, has been affected, as the measure does not favour the sale of packages for overseas travel, especially when spending is done by credit card. Illicit practices have been detected with requests for money in cash for travel, and the use of credit cards overseas, which give rise to a parallel market. Tourist spending shows a negative percentage variation in the first quarter of 2003, as compared with the first quarter of 2002, due to the new controls.

Suggested Citation

  • Mercedes Anato Martínez y María Alejandra González Agra, 2007. "Efectos del control cambiario en la actividad turística. Caso Venezuela," Economía, Gestión y Desarrollo 3876, Universidad Javeriana - Cali.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000097:003876
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    : control cambiario; CADIVI; tipo de cambio oficial; mercado negro de divisas; gasto turístico; consumos en el exterior.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E6 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

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