Author
Listed:
- Fabio Sánchez
(Universidad de los Andes)
- Lucía Buitrago
(Universidad de los Andes)
- Diego Duarte
(Universidad de los Andes)
- Alejandra Páez
(Universidad de los Andes)
Abstract
Resumen Este artículo examina las repercusiones del establecimiento del orden colonial en la Nueva Granada entre mediados del siglo XVII y finales del siglo XVIII. Se argumenta que la colonización española configuró una economía fuertemente dependiente de la minería aurífera, la cual estructuró el comercio exterior y condicionó la producción agrícola y artesanal, subordinada a las necesidades de los centros mineros. A lo largo del siglo XVIII, la intensificación de esta producción coincidió con un mayor control fiscal y político por parte de la Corona, en el marco de las reformas borbónicas. En cuanto al trabajo, se evidenció una transición desde formas coercitivas —como la encomienda y la esclavitud— hacia regímenes semilibres con bajos salarios, cuya forma y valor variaban según región, sector y ocupación. Este proceso implicó además una recomposición étnica de la fuerza laboral, con el incremento de mestizos y blancos pobres ante el declive de la población indígena. El resultado fue una sociedad profundamente desigual, donde la propiedad de tierras, esclavos y minas era restringida y jerarquizada. Finalmente, el Estado colonial tuvo una presencia desigual, particularmente limitada en territorios con alta segregación racial y escasa provisión de bienes públicos. Abstract This article examines the repercussions of the establishment of the colonial order in New Granada between the mid-17th and late 18th centuries. It argues that Spanish colonization shaped an economy heavily dependent on gold mining, which structured foreign trade and conditioned agricultural and artisanal production, subordinated to the needs of the mining centers. Throughout the 18th century, the intensification of this production coincided with greater fiscal and political control by the Crown, within the framework of the Bourbon reforms. Regarding labor, there was a transition from coercive forms—such as the encomienda and slavery—to semi-free regimes with Iow wages, the form and value of which varied by region, sector, and occupation. This process also entailed an ethnic recomposition of the labor force, with an increase in mestizos and poor whites in the face of a declining indigenous population. The result was a deeply unequal society, where ownership of land, slaves, and mines was restricted and hierarchical. Finally, the colonial state had an uneven presence, particularly limited in territories with high racial segregation and scarce provision of public goods.
Suggested Citation
Fabio Sánchez & Lucía Buitrago & Diego Duarte & Alejandra Páez, 2025.
"Los efectos económicos y sociales del establecimiento del orden colonial en Nueva Granada (1650-1800),"
Documentos CEDE
2025-22, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
Handle:
RePEc:col:000089:021425
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JEL classification:
- N96 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Latin America; Caribbean
- O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
- O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
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