IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cir/cirwor/2026s-13.html

Hansen-Jagannathan distance with many assets

Author

Listed:
  • Marine Carrasco
  • Cheikh Nokho

Abstract

This paper proposes methods to estimate and compare asset pricing models in settings with a large number of test assets. Models are specified through a linear stochastic discount factor (SDF). We propose two regularization schemes to extend the Hansen-Jagannathan distance to high-dimensional environments. In addition to stabilizing the inversion of the covariance matrix, the proposed regularizations admit an economic interpretation as relaxing the exact pricing restrictions, thereby accommodating market frictions. We derive the asymptotic properties of the SDF parameter estimator under a double asymptotic framework in which both the cross-sectional and time dimensions grow. These results allow for inference on whether individual factors are priced. We further develop tests for comparing competing asset pricing models under misspeci cation, providing a formal procedure to identify the least misspecified model. The analysis covers both nested and non-nested specifications. An empirical application compares 4 models using a dataset of 647 test portfolios. Cet article propose des méthodes pour estimer et comparer des modèles d’évaluation des actifs dans des contextes où le nombre d’actifs tests est élevé. Les modèles sont caractérisés par leur facteur d’actualisation stochastique (SDF) linéaire. Nous proposons deux méthodes de régularisation permettant d’étendre la distance de Hansen-Jagannathan aux environnements de grande dimension. Au-delà de la stabilisation de l’inversion de la matrice de covariance, les régularisations proposées admettent une interprétation économique comme un relâchement des restrictions exactes d’évaluation des actifs, permettant ainsi de prendre en compte les frictions de marché. Nous établissons les propriétés asymptotiques de l’estimateur des paramètres du SDF dans un cadre de double asymptotique où les dimensions transversale et temporelle tendent toutes deux vers l’infini. Ces résultats permettent de mener des tests afin de déterminer si des facteurs individuels sont valorisés. Nous développons également des tests permettant de comparer différents modèles d’évaluation des actifs en présence d’erreurs de spécification, fournissant ainsi une procédure formelle pour identifier le modèle le moins mal spécifié. L’analyse couvre à la fois les spécifications emboîtées et non emboîtées. Une application empirique consiste à comparer 4 modèles à l’aide de 647 portefeuilles tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Marine Carrasco & Cheikh Nokho, 2026. "Hansen-Jagannathan distance with many assets," CIRANO Working Papers 2026s-13, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2026s-13
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2026s-13.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barras, Laurent, 2019. "A large-scale approach for evaluating asset pricing models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(3), pages 549-569.
    2. Jia Li & Zhipeng Liao & Mengsi Gao, 2020. "Uniform nonparametric inference for time series using Stata," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 20(3), pages 706-720, September.
    3. Almeida, Caio & Garcia, René, 2012. "Assessing misspecified asset pricing models with empirical likelihood estimators," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 170(2), pages 519-537.
    4. Lewellen, Jonathan & Nagel, Stefan & Shanken, Jay, 2010. "A skeptical appraisal of asset pricing tests," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 175-194, May.
    5. Amit Goyal, 2012. "Empirical cross-sectional asset pricing: a survey," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 26(1), pages 3-38, March.
    6. Jianqing Fan & Yuan Liao & Martina Mincheva, 2013. "Large covariance estimation by thresholding principal orthogonal complements," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(4), pages 603-680, September.
    7. Peter C. B. Phillips & Hyungsik R. Moon, 1999. "Linear Regression Limit Theory for Nonstationary Panel Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 67(5), pages 1057-1112, September.
    8. Shanken, Jay & Zhou, Guofu, 2007. "Estimating and testing beta pricing models: Alternative methods and their performance in simulations," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 40-86, April.
    9. Carrasco, Marine, 2012. "A regularization approach to the many instruments problem," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 170(2), pages 383-398.
    10. Chang, Jinyuan & Chen, Song Xi & Chen, Xiaohong, 2015. "High dimensional generalized empirical likelihood for moment restrictions with dependent data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 185(1), pages 283-304.
    11. Patrick Gagliardini & Diego Ronchetti, 2020. "Comparing Asset Pricing Models by the Conditional Hansen-Jagannathan Distance," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 333-394.
    12. Antoine Didisheim & Shikun (Barry) Ke & Bryan T. Kelly & Semyon Malamud, 2024. "APT or “AIPT”? The Surprising Dominance of Large Factor Models," NBER Working Papers 33012, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Francq, Christian & Zakoïan, Jean-Michel, 2005. "A Central Limit Theorem For Mixing Triangular Arrays Of Variables Whose Dependence Is Allowed To Grow With The Sample Size," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(6), pages 1165-1171, December.
    14. Manresa, Elena & Peñaranda, Francisco & Sentana, Enrique, 2023. "Empirical evaluation of overspecified asset pricing models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 338-351.
    15. Frank Kleibergen & Zhaoguo Zhan, 2020. "Robust Inference for Consumption‐Based Asset Pricing," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(1), pages 507-550, February.
    16. Stefano Giglio & Dacheng Xiu, 2021. "Asset Pricing with Omitted Factors," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 129(7), pages 1947-1990.
    17. Hall, Alastair R. & Inoue, Atsushi, 2007. "Corrigendum to: "The large sample behaviour of the generalized method of moments estimator in misspecified models": [Journal of Econometrics 114 (2003) 361-394]," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 1417-1418, December.
    18. Hansen, Lars Peter & Heaton, John & Luttmer, Erzo G J, 1995. "Econometric Evaluation of Asset Pricing Models," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 8(2), pages 237-274.
    19. Whitney K. Newey & Richard J. Smith, 2004. "Higher Order Properties of Gmm and Generalized Empirical Likelihood Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 72(1), pages 219-255, January.
    20. Li, Jia & Liao, Zhipeng, 2020. "Uniform nonparametric inference for time series," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 219(1), pages 38-51.
    21. Laurent Callot & Mehmet Caner & A. Özlem Önder & Esra Ulaşan, 2021. "A Nodewise Regression Approach to Estimating Large Portfolios," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 520-531, March.
    22. Vuong, Quang H, 1989. "Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-nested Hypotheses," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 307-333, March.
    23. Susanne M. Schennach & Daniel Wilhelm, 2017. "A Simple Parametric Model Selection Test," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 112(520), pages 1663-1674, October.
    24. Kan, Raymond & Robotti, Cesare, 2008. "Specification tests of asset pricing models using excess returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 816-838, December.
    25. Francisco Barillas & Jay Shanken, 2018. "Comparing Asset Pricing Models," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(2), pages 715-754, April.
    26. Fan, Jianqing & Fan, Yingying & Lv, Jinchi, 2008. "High dimensional covariance matrix estimation using a factor model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 186-197, November.
    27. M. Hashem Pesaran & Ron P. Smith, 2021. "Factor Strengths, Pricing Errors, and Estimation of Risk Premia," CESifo Working Paper Series 8947, CESifo.
    28. Hall, Alastair R. & Pelletier, Denis, 2011. "Nonnested Testing In Models Estimated Via Generalized Method Of Moments," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(2), pages 443-456, April.
    29. Valentina Raponi & Cesare Robotti & Paolo Zaffaroni & Andrew Karolyi, 2020. "Testing Beta-Pricing Models Using Large Cross-Sections," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(6), pages 2796-2842.
    30. Ledoit, Olivier & Wolf, Michael, 2003. "Improved estimation of the covariance matrix of stock returns with an application to portfolio selection," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 603-621, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Patrick Gagliardini & Diego Ronchetti, 2020. "Comparing Asset Pricing Models by the Conditional Hansen-Jagannathan Distance," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 333-394.
    2. Zhipeng Liao & Yan Liu & Zhenzhen Xie, 2024. "Optimal Cross-Sectional Regression," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(11), pages 7911-7942, November.
    3. Hollstein, Fabian & Prokopczuk, Marcel, 2022. "Testing Factor Models in the Cross-Section," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    4. Gospodinov, Nikolay & Kan, Raymond & Robotti, Cesare, 2013. "Chi-squared tests for evaluation and comparison of asset pricing models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 173(1), pages 108-125.
    5. Marco Duarte & Lorenzo Magnolfi & Mikkel Sølvsten & Christopher Sullivan, 2024. "Testing firm conduct," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 15(3), pages 571-606, July.
      • Marco Duarte & Lorenzo Magnolfi & Mikkel S{o}lvsten & Christopher Sullivan, 2023. "Testing Firm Conduct," Papers 2301.06720, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2024.
    6. Hansen, Erwin, 2022. "Economic evaluation of asset pricing models under predictability," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 50-66.
    7. Gospodinov, Nikolay & Kan, Raymond & Robotti, Cesare, 2019. "Too good to be true? Fallacies in evaluating risk factor models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(2), pages 451-471.
    8. Gospodinov, Nikolay & Maasoumi, Esfandiar, 2021. "Generalized aggregation of misspecified models: With an application to asset pricing," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 451-467.
    9. Beaulieu, Marie-Claude & Dufour, Jean-Marie & Khalaf, Lynda, 2025. "Identification-robust and simultaneous inference in multifactor asset pricing models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    10. Gospodinov, Nikolay & Robotti, Cesare, 2021. "Common pricing across asset classes: Empirical evidence revisited," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 292-324.
    11. Hafner, Christian M. & Linton, Oliver B. & Tang, Haihan, 2020. "Estimation of a multiplicative correlation structure in the large dimensional case," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 217(2), pages 431-470.
    12. HAFNER, Christian & LINTON, Oliver B. & TANG, Haihan, 2016. "Estimation of a Multiplicative Covariance Structure in the Large Dimensional Case," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2016044, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    13. Dickerson, Alexander & Julliard, Christian & Mueller, Philippe, 2026. "The co-pricing factor zoo," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    14. Beaulieu, Marie-Claude & Dufour, Jean-Marie & Khalaf, Lynda & Melin, Olena, 2023. "Identification-robust beta pricing, spanning, mimicking portfolios, and the benchmark neutrality of catastrophe bonds," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 236(1).
    15. Raymond Kan & Cesare Robotti, 0. "Comment on: Pseudo-True SDFs in Conditional Asset Pricing Models," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 18(4), pages 729-735.
    16. Borup, Daniel, 2019. "Asset pricing model uncertainty," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 166-189.
    17. repec:hal:journl:hal-03287946 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Francisco Peñaranda & Enrique Sentana, 2015. "A Unifying Approach to the Empirical Evaluation of Asset Pricing Models," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 97(2), pages 412-435, May.
    19. Zhang, Xiang & Liu, Yangyi & Wu, Kun & Maillet, Bertrand, 2021. "Tradable or nontradable factors—what does the Hansen–Jagannathan distance tell us?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 853-879.
    20. Raymond Kan & Cesare Robotti, 2009. "Model Comparison Using the Hansen-Jagannathan Distance," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(9), pages 3449-3490, September.
    21. Manresa, Elena & Peñaranda, Francisco & Sentana, Enrique, 2023. "Empirical evaluation of overspecified asset pricing models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 338-351.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2026s-13. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ciranca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.