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In recent decades, rural Canada has faced significant demographic challenges, particularly in the aging and decline of its population. These demographic trends are leading to social, economic and political changes within these communities. Regardless of the cause, a decline in a community’s population will invariably bring about budgetary consequences. The tax base, i.e., the number of its taxpayers, decreases, which reduces the community’s ability to fund its fixed costs and maintain its infrastructure. In this article, the authors analyze the relationship between the movement of immigrants to non-metropolitan areas in Canada and the income distribution in these regions. Using data from Canadian censuses, they show that the settlement of immigrants in non-metropolitan regions contributes to an increase in their average income and a reduction in income inequality within this group. Au cours des dernières décennies, les régions rurales du Canada ont été confrontées à d’importants défis démographiques, en particulier au déclin et au vieillissement de la population. Ces dynamiques démographiques entraînent des recompositions sociales, économiques et politiques au sein des communautés rurales. Quelle qu’en soit la cause, la diminution de la population d’une communauté entraîne très généralement des conséquences sur le plan budgétaire. Le nombre de contribuables, et donc la base fiscale, diminue, ce qui diminue la capacité de la communauté à financer ses charges fixes, les coûts d’entretien de son territoire et ses infrastructures. Dans cet article, les auteurs analysent les relations entre la migration des immigrants vers les régions non métropolitaines du Canada et la distribution de revenu dans ces régions. À partir des données des recensements canadiens, ils montrent que l’installation des immigrants dans les régions non métropolitaines contribue à l’amélioration de leur revenu moyen et à la réduction des inégalités de revenu au sein des communautés immigrantes.
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