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Combler l’écart de niveau de vie entre le Québec et ses principaux partenaires

Author

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  • Pierre-Carl Michaud

Abstract

Beyond the differences with our partners, the primary motivation for Quebec to do better seems to be to finance the increase in public services over the coming years. The fact remains that per capita GDP growth must accelerate if we want to keep pace with spending on a number of government missions, such as health and education, as well as the maintenance of existing infrastructures. The first two recommendations concern the tax system. Quebec taxes a lot. It has made choices that have led to a heavy tax burden. The author doesn't question this level. But given this choice, Quebec must be even more vigilant than its partners to avoid distortions caused by tax systems that hamper economic growth. The two recommendations, a shift towards consumption taxes and a rigorous review of tax expenditures, are in symbiosis with the recommendations we made as part of the Commission d'examen de la fiscalité québécoise in 2015. The third recommendation isn't to succumb to pressure from interest groups to emulate the rest of Canada in terms of immigration. Beyond the linguistic and cultural issues, which the author considers important, the evidence shows that there is a real disconnect between immigration and standard of living. Ultimately, the author believes that the government must, as a matter of priority, re-evaluate what it's already doing before proposing new economic measures or policies. Even if the temptation, at the political level at least, is to show that we're taking action by introducing new initiatives, the solutions outlined in this memoir are more about doing better with what we're already doing. Au-delà des écarts avec les partenaires, la motivation première pour le Québec de faire mieux semble être de de financer la hausse des services publics dans les années à venir. Il demeure que la croissance du PIB per capita doit s’accélérer si on veut suivre les dépenses de plusieurs missions de l’état comme la santé et l’éducation, mais aussi le maintien des infrastructures existantes. Les deux premières recommandations portent sur le régime fiscal. Le Québec prélève beaucoup. Il a fait des choix qui l’amènent à avoir une fiscalité qui pèse lourd. L'auteur ne remets pas ce niveau en question. Mais étant donné ce choix, le Québec doit être encore plus vigilant que ses partenaires afin d’éviter les distorsions causées par des modes d’imposition qui freinent davantage la croissance économique. Les deux recommandations, un redosage vers les taxes à la consommation et un examen rigoureux des dépenses fiscales, sont en symbiose avec les recommandations que nous avions faite, dans le cadre de la commission d’examen de la fiscalité québécoise en 2015. La troisième recommandation est de ne pas succomber aux pressions des groupes d’intérêt voulant que le Québec émule le reste du Canada en termes d’immigration. Au-delà des enjeux linguistiques et culturels, que l'auteur considère importants, l’évidence démontre qu’il y a une déconnexion réelle entre immigration et niveau de vie. En fin de compte, l'auteur croit que le gouvernement doit, en priorité, ré-évaluer ce qu’il fait déjà avant de proposer de nouvelles mesures ou politiques économiques. Même si la tentation, au niveau politique du moins, est de montrer qu’on agit en mettant en place de nouvelles initiatives, les pistes de solutions énoncées dans ce mémoire consistent plutôt à faire mieux avec ce qu’on fait déjà.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Carl Michaud, 2023. "Combler l’écart de niveau de vie entre le Québec et ses principaux partenaires," CIRANO Papers 2023pr-02, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:circah:2023pr-02
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2023PR-02.pdf
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