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Trade Openness and Income Inequality: New Empirical Evidence

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  • Florian Dorn
  • Clemens Fuest
  • Niklas Potrafke

Abstract

We examine how trade openness influences income inequality within countries. The sample includes 139 countries over the period 1970-2014. We employ predicted openness as instrument to deal with the endogeneity of trade openness. The effect of trade openness on income inequality differs across countries. Trade openness tends to disproportionately benefit the relative income shares of the very poor, but not necessarily all poor, in emerging and developing economies. In most advanced economies, trade openness increased income inequality, an effect that is driven by outliers. Our results suggest a strong effect of trade openness on inequality in China and transition countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Dorn & Clemens Fuest & Niklas Potrafke, 2021. "Trade Openness and Income Inequality: New Empirical Evidence," CESifo Working Paper Series 9203, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9203
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    trade openness; globalization; income inequality; instrumental variable estimation; panel econometrics; development levels; transition economies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • F02 - International Economics - - General - - - International Economic Order and Integration
    • F60 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - General
    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General

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