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Chokepoints in global supply chains: lessons from rare earths and hard disk drives

Author

Listed:
  • Ryan Banerjee
  • Michael Chui
  • Leonardo Gambacorta

Abstract

Concentration and limited substitutability can turn the efficiency gains from global supply chains into vulnerabilities. However, the consequences of chokepoints depend on their underlying nature. The rare earths industry illustrates a persistent dependence on concentrated processing capacity. By contrast, flexibility and effective crisis management can speed up recovery from a temporary disruption, as seen in hard disk drive production after the 2011 Thailand floods. Resilience measures should match the vulnerability: alternative capacity and technologies can address persistent dependencies, while inventories, supplier redundancy and geographical flexibility can cushion temporary disruptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ryan Banerjee & Michael Chui & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2026. "Chokepoints in global supply chains: lessons from rare earths and hard disk drives," BIS Bulletins 139, Bank for International Settlements.
  • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisblt:139
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