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Why don't fuel prices always strictly follow global oil prices?
[Pourquoi le prix des carburants ne suit-il pas toujours strictement le cours mondial du pétrole ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Laurence Coursieras
  • Alexandre Menard
  • Camille Thubin

Abstract

Fuel prices do not depend solely on the global prices of crude oil. They also reflect the cost of its refinement into petrol, diesel or kerosene, as well as the specific supply and demand conditions for each refined product. When the supply of refined products is constrained by external factors, fuel prices may therefore remain high, or even rise, without a corresponding change in the price of crude oil. The spring and summer 2026 episode illustrates this mechanism: between February and August, pressure on refining capacity is estimated to account for around 60% of the cumulative rise in the prices of petroleum products in France. Le prix des carburants ne dépend pas uniquement des cours mondiaux du pétrole brut. Il reflète également le coût de sa transformation en essence, gazole ou kérosène, ainsi que les conditions d’offre et de demande propres à chaque produit raffiné. Lorsque l’offre de produits raffinés est contrainte par des facteurs exogènes, les prix des carburants peuvent ainsi rester élevés, voire augmenter, sans évolution équivalente du cours du pétrole brut. L’épisode du printemps et de l’été 2026 illustre ce mécanisme : entre février et août, les tensions sur les capacités de raffinage expliqueraient environ 60 % de la hausse cumulée des prix des produits pétroliers en France.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Coursieras & Alexandre Menard & Camille Thubin, 2026. "Why don't fuel prices always strictly follow global oil prices? [Pourquoi le prix des carburants ne suit-il pas toujours strictement le cours mondial du pétrole ?]," Eco Notepad 464, Banque de France.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:econot:464
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