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Regional Unconditional Transfers: The Case of Riverside Regions in a Developing Country

Author

Listed:
  • Bernardo David Romero-Torres
  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena
  • Andrés García-Suaza
  • Jaime Bonet-Morón

Abstract

Disadvantaged communities worldwide have been the focus of government-sponsored programs aimed at improving living standards and fostering economic development. Decentralization has emerged as a central strategy in this effort, strengthening accountability, and promoting local development, a trend to which Colombia is no exception. This paper examines the effects of a regionally targeted transfer program that designated additional resources to municipalities allocated along the Magdalena River, the longest country’s waterway. To identify causal impacts, we exploit the 2002 reform that significantly reduced these transfers and apply a difference-in-differences approach using panel data for the period 1994-2019. The findings reveal no effects on social outcomes but a slowdown in economic activity, accompanied by reductions in municipal operating expenditures and investment, while revealing an increase in tax revenues. These results highlight the complex interplay between fiscal decentralization and regional development, raising important questions about the effectiveness of targeted transfers in achieving their intended objectives. **** RESUMEN: Las comunidades desfavorecidas en todo el mundo han sido el foco de programas patrocinados por los gobiernos, orientados a mejorar las condiciones de vida y fomentar el desarrollo económico. La descentralización ha surgido como una estrategia central en este esfuerzo para reforzar la rendición de cuentas y promover el desarrollo local, tendencia de la cual Colombia no es la excepción. Este artículo examina los efectos de un programa de transferencias regionalmente focalizado que asignó recursos adicionales a los municipios ubicados a lo largo del río Magdalena, la principal vía fluvial del país. Para identificar impactos causales, se aprovecha la reforma de 2002 que redujo significativamente dichas transferencias y se aplica un enfoque de diferencias en diferencias utilizando datos de panel para el período 1994-2019. Los hallazgos revelan ausencia de efectos sobre los resultados sociales, pero una desaceleración de la actividad económica, acompañada de reducciones en los gastos operativos e inversión municipal, al tiempo que se observa un incremento en los ingresos tributarios. Estos resultados ponen de relieve la compleja interacción entre descentralización fiscal y desarrollo regional, planteando interrogantes relevantes sobre la efectividad de las transferencias focalizadas para alcanzar sus objetivos previstos.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernardo David Romero-Torres & Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena & Andrés García-Suaza & Jaime Bonet-Morón, 2026. "Regional Unconditional Transfers: The Case of Riverside Regions in a Developing Country," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 340, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:340
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.340
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    JEL classification:

    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
    • C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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