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Caracterización del crédito al pequeño productor rural en Colombia: evolución reciente y retos

Author

Listed:
  • Dairo Estrada
  • Clark Granger
  • Valeria Salas
  • Jhuliana Sofía Segura

Abstract

Este documento analiza el funcionamiento del sistema de crédito agropecuario en el país con énfasis en el acceso al financiamiento por parte del pequeño productor, quien representa una proporción significativa de la producción y de la población rural. Se examinan las características del Sistema Nacional de Crédito Agropecuario (SNCA), la evolución reciente de los desembolsos de créditos del sector utilizando información de FINAGRO, los costos enfrentados por los intermediarios financieros y las restricciones de oferta y demanda que limitan el acceso al crédito formal. Adicionalmente, se presenta un análisis econométrico que identifica posibles determinantes del acceso al crédito rural. Se encuentra que las condiciones geográficas y de infraestructura en Colombia limitan el acceso de pequeños productores agropecuarios al crédito, generando una concentración de colocaciones en la Región Andina. Esta distribución refleja desigualdades estructurales relacionadas con densidad poblacional, acceso a servicios, capacitación y rentabilidad productiva. En general, se evidencia la necesidad de ajustes en las políticas de fomento para mejorar la inclusión financiera del pequeño productor agropecuario. **** ABSTRACT: This document analyzes the functioning of the agricultural credit system in Colombia, with emphasis on access to financing for small-scale producers, who represent a significant share of both agricultural output and the rural population. It examines the characteristics of the National Agricultural Credit System (SNCA), the recent evolution of credit disbursements in the sector using data from FINAGRO, the costs faced by financial intermediaries, and the supply and demand constraints that limit access to formal credit. Additionally, it presents an econometric analysis that identifies potential determinants of rural credit access. The findings suggest that Colombia’s geographic and infrastructure conditions restrict small agricultural producers’ access to credit, resulting in a concentration of credit placements in the Andean Region. This distribution reflects structural inequalities related to population density, access to services, training, and productive profitability. Overall, the analysis highlights the need for adjustments in development policies to improve financial inclusion for small-scale agricultural producers.

Suggested Citation

  • Dairo Estrada & Clark Granger & Valeria Salas & Jhuliana Sofía Segura, 2025. "Caracterización del crédito al pequeño productor rural en Colombia: evolución reciente y retos," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 337, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:337
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.337
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    JEL classification:

    • Q14 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Finance
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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