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Evaluating Unemployment Insurance in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Leonardo Fabio Morales
  • Diego Astorga-Rojas
  • Nicolas Guida-Johnson

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of unemployment insurance (UI) on labor market outcomes in Colombia, a developing economy with high informality but a uniquely enforced UI system in which only formal worker are eligible for the benefits according to their contributions to the social security system. Using administrative matched employer–employee records, we exploit a regression discontinuity design around the eligibility threshold. To address potential endogeneity, we focus on workers who lost jobs due to firm closures. Our results show that UI eligibility increases the duration of unemployment spells, but does not significantly affect reemployment wages. However, eligible individuals tend to secure longer-lasting jobs and are more likely to be reemployed in higher-paying firms, suggesting improved job match quality in non-wage dimensions. *** RESUMEN: Este artículo examina el impacto del seguro de desempleo sobre los resultados del mercado laboral en Colombia, una economía en desarrollo caracterizada por altos niveles de informalidad, con un sistema de seguro de desempleo con unas reglas de asignación bien definidas, según las cuales, solo los trabajadores formales son elegibles para recibir beneficios de acuerdo con sus aportes al sistema de seguridad social. Utilizando registros administrativos emparejados empleador–empleado, explotamos un diseño de regresión discontinua en torno al umbral de elegibilidad. Para abordar posibles problemas de endogeneidad, nos centramos en trabajadores que perdieron su empleo debido al cierre de sus empresas o en despidos masivos. Nuestros resultados muestran que la elegibilidad al seguro de desempleo incrementa la duración de los periodos de desempleo, pero no afecta de manera significativa los salarios de reempleo. No obstante, los individuos elegibles tienden a obtener empleos más duraderos y tienen mayor probabilidad de reincorporarse en empresas que pagan salarios más altos, lo que sugiere una mejora en la calidad del emparejamiento laboral en dimensiones no salariales.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Fabio Morales & Diego Astorga-Rojas & Nicolas Guida-Johnson, 2026. "Evaluating Unemployment Insurance in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1374, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1374
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    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

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