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Household consumption in Colombia: a nonlinear cointegrating approach

Author

Listed:
  • Luis E. Arango
  • Luz A. Flórez
  • Carlos E. Posada

Abstract

This study analyzes the short‑ and long‑run determinants of household consumption in Colombia using monthly data from April 2003 to June 2022. We estimate Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) models to examine asymmetric long‑run responses of consumption to positive and negative changes in current income and interest rates. Consumption is measured using the retail trade index excluding motor vehicles and fuels. We find a cointegrating relationship linking consumption with current income (proxied by the Economic Situation Indicator, ESI), remittances, consumer credit, and the real interest rate on consumer credit. In the short run, consumer confidence and the age composition of the population also play a significant role in shaping consumption dynamics. The estimates reveal pronounced long‑run asymmetries: income increases are associated with a long‑run propensity to consume that is approximately 25 percent larger than that implied by income declines, while interest‑rate reductions elicit long‑run responses nearly 188 percent larger in absolute value than rate increases. These patterns are consistent with liquidity constraints, with the income‑driven asymmetry delivering a superior fit—by standard model‑comparison criteria—relative to the interest‑rate asymmetry. The negative association between population aging and consumption is difficult to reconcile with a benchmark life‑cycle model in the presence of capital‑market frictions. It also underscores the need to anticipate headwinds to aggregate demand as population aging proceeds. *****RESUMEN: Este articulo analiza los determinantes de corto y largo plazo del consumo de los hogares en Colombia utilizando datos mensuales de abril de 2003 a junio de 2022. Estimamos modelos de rezagos distribuidos autorregresivos no lineales (NARDL) para examinar las respuestas asimétricas de largo plazo del consumo ante cambios positivos y negativos en el ingreso corriente y en la tasa de interés. El consumo se mide mediante el índice de comercio al por menor que excluye vehículos automotores y combustibles. Encontramos una relación de cointegración que vincula el consumo con el ingreso corriente (aproximado por el Indicador de Situación Económica, ESI), las remesas, el crédito de consumo y la tasa de interés del crédito de consumo. En el corto plazo, la confianza del consumidor y la composición etaria de la población también desempeñan un papel significativo en la dinámica del consumo. Las estimaciones revelan asimetrías pronunciadas de largo plazo: los incrementos del ingreso generan propensiones a consumir en el largo plazo aproximadamente 25 por ciento mayores que las asociadas a caídas del ingreso, mientras que las reducciones de la tasa de interés inducen respuestas de largo plazo casi 188 por ciento mayores (en magnitud) que los aumentos de la tasa. Estos patrones son coherentes con la presencia de restricciones de liquidez; además, la asimetría impulsada por el ingreso corriente presenta un ajuste superior —según criterios estándar de comparación de modelos— frente a la asimetría asociada a la tasa de interés. La asociación negativa entre envejecimiento de la población y consumo es difícil de conciliar con un modelo de ciclo de vida de referencia dadas las fricciones en el mercado de crédito. Asimismo, subraya la necesidad de anticipar presiones a la baja sobre la demanda agregada a medida que avanza el envejecimiento poblacional.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis E. Arango & Luz A. Flórez & Carlos E. Posada, 2026. "Household consumption in Colombia: a nonlinear cointegrating approach," Borradores de Economia 1346, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1346
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1346
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    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E27 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

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