Author
Listed:
- Mario A. Ramos-Veloza
- Sara Naranjo-Saldarriaga
- José Pulido
Abstract
We extend the semi-structural model for monetary policy analysis and forecasting in Colombia, the 4GM model (González et al., 2020), by integrating labor market dynamics into its specification. We incorporate four key mechanisms: (1) wage-price feedback and its effects on marginal costs; (2) the impact of the NAIRU on potential output; (3) Okun’s law to connect cyclical unemployment to the output gap; and (4) the impact of real wages and unemployment on aggregate demand. Our model adds to the baseline 4GM model interactions between goods and labor markets, which affect the transmission of the monetary policy. Focusing on Colombia, a country with a labor market characterized by rigidities and persistently high unemployment, we demonstrate how wage dynamics and labor market tightness amplify inflationary pressures and delay adjustment. Our model aids in disentangling supply and demand shocks, particularly during crises (e.g., the pandemic), when labor market idiosyncrasies distort wage and inflation trends. *****RESUMEN: Extendemos el modelo semi-estructural para el análisis y pronóstico de la política monetaria en Colombia, el modelo 4GM (González et al, 2020), integrando la dinámica del mercado laboral en su especificación. Incorporamos cuatro mecanismos clave: (1) la retroalimentación salario-precio y sus efectos en los costos marginales; (2) el impacto de la NAIRU (tasa de desempleo no aceleradora de la inflación) sobre el producto potencial; (3) la ley de Okun para conectar el desempleo cíclico con la brecha del producto; y (4) el impacto de los salarios reales y el desempleo sobre la demanda agregada. Nuestro modelo añade a la línea base del 4GM las interacciones entre los mercados de bienes y de trabajo, las cuales afectan la transmisión de la política monetaria. Centrándonos en Colombia, un país con un mercado laboral caracterizado por rigideces y un desempleo persistentemente alto, demostramos cómo la dinámica salarial y la tensión en el mercado laboral amplifican las presiones inflacionarias y retrasan el ajuste. Nuestro modelo ayuda a distinguir entre choques de oferta y demanda, particularmente durante crisis (por ejemplo, la pandemia), cuando las idiosincrasias del mercado laboral distorsionan las tendencias salariales e inflacionarias.
Suggested Citation
Mario A. Ramos-Veloza & Sara Naranjo-Saldarriaga & José Pulido, 2026.
"Wage dynamics, Unemployment, and Inflation: Enhancing 4GM Semi-Structural Model,"
Borradores de Economia
1341, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Handle:
RePEc:bdr:borrec:1341
DOI: 10.32468/be.1341
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Keywords
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JEL classification:
- E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
- E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
- J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
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