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Hysteresis and Selection in the Rise of Fascism: The ‘Ordinary Men’ of the Nazi Party

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Bosshart
  • Max Deter
  • Leander Heldring
  • Cathrin Mohr
  • Matthias Weigand

Abstract

We digitize and analyze the near-universe of National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) membership records and link them to population and industrial censuses. Four findings emerge. First, as the party expanded, its membership came to resemble the broader population more closely in occupational, demographic, and religious terms. Second, SS members’ characteristics remained different: younger, more educated, and more fanatical, as measured by the display of Nazi insignia in membership portraits. Third, within communities, coworkers, and families, early membership generated hysteresis, with subsequent entrants drawn from the same groups. Finally, local increases in party membership are associated with subsequent deportations of Germany’s Jews.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Bosshart & Max Deter & Leander Heldring & Cathrin Mohr & Matthias Weigand, 2026. "Hysteresis and Selection in the Rise of Fascism: The ‘Ordinary Men’ of the Nazi Party," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0094, Berlin School of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0094
    DOI: 10.48462/opus4-6215
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    JEL classification:

    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
    • N44 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Europe: 1913-
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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