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Estimating Employment in India's Cultural and Creative Economy: Evidence from the Periodic Labour Force Survey

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  • Havishaye Puri

    (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER))

  • Tanu M. Goyal

  • Shravani Prakash

  • Anjhana Ramesh

Abstract

This paper presents an empirical estimate of its contribution to employment, adapting the international classification frameworks used by UNESCO and the European Union (EU) to the Indian context through a mapping of cultural domains and value chain stages to the National Industrial Classification (NIC-2008). Applying this framework to unit-level data from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for 2017-18 and 2025, the paper estimates that approximately 57 million workers, amounting to nearly 9 per cent of India's total workforce, are engaged in cultural and creative activities. Moreover, there has been a 40 per cent increase in the culture-creative workforce over seven years and female employment has doubled. Yet, at present, there is concentration of employment in low-value manufacturing and real wages for women have stagnated.

Suggested Citation

  • Havishaye Puri & Tanu M. Goyal & Shravani Prakash & Anjhana Ramesh, 2026. "Estimating Employment in India's Cultural and Creative Economy: Evidence from the Periodic Labour Force Survey," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Working Paper 437, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdc:wpaper:437
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