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A Paradigmatic Shift in Public Service Delivery: Inclusive, Efficient and Secure DPI

Author

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  • Payal Malik

    (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations)

  • Nikita Jain

  • Bhargavee Das

  • Shiva Kanwar

Abstract

Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) is increasingly shaping the architecture through which governments deliver public services, with digital identity, interoperable payments, data-sharing frameworks and other common digital rails enabling services to operate at greater scale. This report examines whether and how DPI can represent a paradigmatic shift in public service delivery, moving beyond the digitisation of existing processes towards systems that are more accessible, inclusive, efficient and secure. The report uses a novel framework to analyse two quite different cases: Direct Benefit Transfer, a welfare programme that runs on top of India's foundational DPI, and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, a sectoral DPI built specifically for health. Each has been analysed alongside Australia’s experience. It considers the evolution of these systems, their institutional and technological architecture, and the opportunities and challenges that emerge as they operate at scale, with particular attentio to inclusion and last-mile access, efficiency and outcomes, security and resilience, and the role of public and private actors.

Suggested Citation

  • Payal Malik & Nikita Jain & Bhargavee Das & Shiva Kanwar, 2026. "A Paradigmatic Shift in Public Service Delivery: Inclusive, Efficient and Secure DPI," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Report 26-r-24, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-24
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